The effect of dietary lipid changes on the fatty acid composition and function of liver, heart and brain mitochondria in the rat at different ages

Abstract

A correlation between dietary lipids and cellular enzyme activities is a problem that has only been partially addressed by nutritionists. Therefore, changes in the fatty acid composition and the activities of some key metabolic enzymes (ubiquinol-2-cytochrome c reductase (EC 1.10.2.2), cytochrome oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) and ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3)) in the mitochondria of liver, heart and brain of rats fed on diets differing extensively in their polyunsaturated fatty acid compositions have been investigated. The results showed that fatty acid compositional changes brought about by the dietary differences were associated with extensive changes in the activities of these key enzymes in the mitochondria. The extent of the influence differed considerably with the period over which the diets were fed. The role of dietary lipids to effect changes through the preservation of membrane structural integrity is discussed.Fat intake: Mitochondria1 fatty acids: Metabolic enzymes

Dietary fatty acids affect mitochondrial phospholipid compositions and mitochondrial gene expression of rainbow trout liver at different ages

“…In vertebrates and invertebrates with finite growth, PUFA have either been shown to increase or remain constant with age (Hulbert et al 2006, Hulbert 2007, Finally, It is also known that changes in the FA composition of the diet can drastically modify membrane lipid composition in a wide range of taxa, including fish (Hulbert et al 2005, Guderley et al 2008Martin et al 2013). These changes affect not only plasma membranes but also those from subcellular organelles, including mitochondria (Rohrbach 2009), altering their physical properties and influencing the activities of membrane enzymes and, thus, cellular metabolic pathways (Barzanti et al 1994). This would be a crucial process in the life cycle of an organism as it has been observed in a wide number of animal species that membrane composition and lifespan are linked through the regulation of metabolic rate (Hulbert 2008).…”

Rapeseed oil-rich diet alters hepatic mitochondrial membrane lipid composition and disrupts bioenergetics

“…Studies have shown that dietary fat manipulations can alter the activities of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes III (Barzanti et al 1994), IV (Barzanti et al 1994;Yamaoka et al 1988), and V (Barzanti et al 1994;Clandinin et al 1985), as well as the amount of coenzyme Q (CoQ) in mitochondrial membranes (Huertas et al 1991;Mataix et al 1997). Mitochondrial production of ROS (Ramsey et al 2005) and Ca 2+ -induced permeability transition (O'Shea et al 2009) have also been reported to be influenced by diet.…”

Improvement of Visual Functions and Fundus Alterations in Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treated with a Combination of Acetyl-<i>L</i>-Carnitine, n-3 Fatty Acids, and Coenzyme Q10

“…Previous studies in heart and brain showed that dietary supplementation with a blend of n-3 FA and carnitine/ALC was associated with (a) extensive changes in the activities of key enzymes in the mitochondria [33], (b) improved recovery of mitochondrial energy metabolism [57], (c) increased n-3 FA content of mitochondrial membranes [58], and subsequent improvement in mitochondrial Ca 2+ flux and Ca 2+ -dependent processes [34], as well as (d) improvement of lipid metabolism [59, 60]. Taking these findings together with our findings we assume that beneficial effects of Phototrop on visual functions in early AMD may come from the synergetic action of ALC, n-3 FA, and CoQ10 on mitochondrial functions.…”

“…Several experimental and clinical studies showed that: (a) these compounds from dietary uptake preferentially accumulate in the mitochondria of various organs [33, 34], retina included [35, 36]; (b) this accumulation was associated with functional improvement in the RPE-photoreceptor complex [20], and (c) there is a well-defined synergy between these compounds [37, 38]. Finally, a diet rich in n-3 FA and fish was associated with a lower risk of AMD in epidemiological studies [39, 40].…”