The effect of different ammonium to nitrate ratios on antioxidant activity, morpho-physiological and phytochemical traits of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica)

Naseri, Ali; Alirezalu, Abolfazl; Noruzi, Parviz; Alirezalu, Kazem

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-21338-6

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Among the total content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids in D. moldavica compositions, TPC and TFC have been previously measured, but in lower amounts than in the present study [ 12 , 13 ]. Their amounts were significantly increased after special treatments with abscisic acid and increased temperature [ 46 ], abscisic acid and different watering conditions [ 47 , 48 ], and different ammonium to nitrate ratios [ 49 ]; however, even using these methods, their amounts proved to be lower than the ones identified in this study. Only salinity proved to enhance TPC and TFC in higher amounts [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The chemical compositions of the three cultivars were dominated by the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Almost all these compounds were previously identified in the composition of the species [ 6 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 22 , 25 , 49 , 53 ]. The novelty of the present study consists in the identification and quantification of ellagic, salycilic, and carnosic acids, together with naringenin and vitexin, which, to the best of our knowledge, are reported for the first time in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most effective extraction method for increasing the antioxidant capacity of the species (assessed using the DPPH method) seems to be extraction using supercritical fluid [ 51 ]. The cultivation treatments used for this species show that plants treated with significant concentrations of ammonium in the nutrient solution showed significantly higher levels of antioxidant capacity [ 49 ]. In all cases, the values obtained in the present study are significantly higher than the ones reported in similar studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Cytotoxic, Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Effects of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Cultivars

et al. 2023

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The aim of the present study was to correlate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from the aerial parts of three Dracocephalum moldavica L. cultivars with their polyphenolic compositions. The polyphenols were identified and quantified using spectrophotometrical methods and LC–MS analysis. Their antioxidant capacities were assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Their in vitro antimicrobial efficacies were assessed using the agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Their cytotoxicity was investigated on normal diploid foreskin fibroblasts (BJ) and on colorectal adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) cell lines. The results pointed out significant amounts of polyphenolic compounds in the compositions of the tested cultivars, with rosmarinic acid as the main compound (amounts ranging between 5.337 ± 0.0411 and 6.320 ± 0.0535 mg/mL). All three cultivars displayed significant antioxidant (IC50 ranging between 35.542 ± 0.043 and 40.901 ± 0.161 µg/mL for the DPPH assay, and for the FRAP assay 293.194 ± 0.213 and 330.165 ± 0.754 µmol Trolox equivalent/mg dry vegetal material) and antimicrobial potential (especially towards the Gram-positive bacteria), as well as a selective toxicity towards the tumoral line. A significant positive correlation was found between antioxidant activity and the total phenolic acids (r2 = 0.987) and polyphenols (r2 = 0.951). These findings bring further arguments for strongly considering D. moldavica cultivars as promising vegetal products, which warrants further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Cytotoxic, Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Effects of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Cultivars

et al. 2023

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“…After each drying method, a total of 50 g of the lemongrass leaves that had been dried were utilized in an essential oil extraction process. This process was carried out using a hydro-distillation approach employing a Clevenger-type apparatus under a controlled temperature of 60 °C 21 . The duration of this process was between 3 and 4 h (until the essential oil volume remained constant) 22 , 23 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of hot-air, infrared and hybrid drying techniques for lemongrass: appearance acceptability, essential oil yield, and volatile compound preservation

Setareh,

Mohammadi-Ghermezgoli,

Ghaffari-Setoubadi

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Lemongrass is a fragrant herb with lengthy, thin leaves that contains myrcene (an aromatic compound) as well as citral and geraniol (antimicrobial compounds). Therefore, identifying an appropriate drying method for this plant is crucial for maintaining aromatic and antimicrobial compounds and enhancing the shelf life of the product. This investigation seeks to assess the influence of various drying tactics involving hot air at temperatures of 40, 50, and 60 °C, infrared radiation at intensities of 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8 $$\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$$ W / cm 2 , sequential hot-air/infrared, as well as simultaneous hot air-infrared, on the drying mechanism, color, appearance, yield, and essential oil constituents of lemongrass leaves, with the objective of enhancing the marketability of the product. The essential oils of lemongrass were extracted through the process of hydro-distillation, and subsequently, the volatile compounds present were analyzed using Gas Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). The findings indicated: (a) The most appropriate technique for preserving optimal color quality of lemongrass leaves was through the application of hot air drying solely at a temperature of 60 °C; (b) To optimize the retention and amplification of the essential oil content in lemongrass, our study recommends the employment of a simultaneous hybrid drying technique involving hot air drying at a temperature of 50 °C in conjunction with infrared drying set at a radiation intensity level of 0.6 $$\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$$ W / cm 2 ; and (c) The data analysis demonstrated that in order to achieve elevated levels of volatile compounds, specifically neral and geranial, infrared drying with a radiation intensity of 0.6 and 0.8 $$\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$$ W / cm 2 , respectively, was found to be optimal.

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“…[33] and Naseri et al [63] for Ginkgo biloba and Dracocephalum moldavica, respectively. Reasonable application of NO 3 under NH 4 + conditions increases osmoregulatory substances.…”

Section: Effects Of Nitrogen Application On the Physiological Status ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the nitrate and ammonium ratio on plant characteristics and Erythropalum scandens Bl. substrates

Teng

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Erythropalum scandens Bl. is a woody vegetable with high nitrogen demand that inhabits southern China. Ammonium and nitrate are the two main forms of inorganic nitrogen that plants directly absorb. A pot experiment was performed to determine the growth, physiological responses, and preferences of 12-month-old E. scandens seedlings for ammonium and nitrate. Aboveground and underground growth indexes, biomass, physiological and biochemical indexes (chlorophyll [Chl], soluble sugar, soluble protein and free proline contents), and substrate pH and nitrogen contents were determined under different nitrate and ammonium ratios (0 NO3-: 100 NH4+, 25 NO3-: 75 NH4+, 50 NO3-: 50 NH4+, 75 NO3-: 25 NH4+, and 100 NO3-: 0 NH4+), and the control (0 NO3-: 0 NH4+). The results showed that ammonium and nitrate improved the growth and physiological status of E. scandens seedlings in most of the treatments compared to the control. The aboveground growth status and biomass accumulation of E. scandens seedlings were significantly better under the 0 NO3-: 100 NH4+ treatment during fertilization compared with all other treatments. However, the growth status of the underground parts was not significantly different among treatments. Significant differences in osmoregulator content, except for soluble sugars, and Chl content were observed. Soluble sugars and soluble proteins were highest under the 0 NO3-: 100 NH4+ treatment at the end of fertilization (day 175). However, free proline accumulated during fertilization and the increase in NO3- indicated that excessive use of NO3- had a negative effect on the E. scandens seedlings. The order of accumulating nitrogen content was leaves > roots > stems. The highest N accumulation occurred in the aboveground parts under the 0 NO3-: 100 NH4+ treatment, whereas the highest N accumulation occurred in the underground parts under the 50 NO3-: 50 NH4+ treatment. Substrate pH increased at the end of fertilization (day 175) compared with the middle stage (day 75), while total nitrogen, ammonium, and nitrate were highly significantly different among the treatments. Total nitrogen and NH4+ content were the highest under the 0 NO3-: 100 NH4+ treatment, while NO3- content was the highest under the 100 NO3-: 0 NH4+ treatment. In conclusion, 12-month-old E. scandens seedlings grew best, and had better physiological conditions in NH4+ than NO3-. The 0 NO3-:100 NH4+ treatment (ammonium chloride 3.82 g/plant) resulted in the best growth and physiological conditions. Most of the growth and physiological indexes were inhibited with the increase in nitrate.

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The effect of different ammonium to nitrate ratios on antioxidant activity, morpho-physiological and phytochemical traits of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica)

Cited by 11 publications

References 78 publications

Evaluation of the Cytotoxic, Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Effects of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Cultivars

Evaluation of the Cytotoxic, Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Effects of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Cultivars

The effectiveness of hot-air, infrared and hybrid drying techniques for lemongrass: appearance acceptability, essential oil yield, and volatile compound preservation

Effects of the nitrate and ammonium ratio on plant characteristics and Erythropalum scandens Bl. substrates

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