The effect of different compatibilisers on the morphology and rheological properties of PP/PET polymer blends

Kordjazi, Sheyda; Kordjazi, Zahra; Ebrahimi, Nadereh Golshan

doi:10.1080/14658011.2021.1981525

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Due to increased awareness of environmental issues caused by plastic pollution, researchers have been trying to find efficient and cost-effective solutions for polymer recycling. , In contrast to landfill disposal, plastic waste can be recovered materially and energetically . A recycling process (mechanical, chemical, and feedstock recycling) involves material recovery from plastic waste streams, while an energy recovery procedure involves the combustion of waste to generate heat. − Formulation of polymer blends and composites is one way to reuse plastic waste. , Because of improved processing, low cost, and decent mechanical properties, blending recycled PET (rPET) with recycled polyolefins (e.g., recycled polyethylene, rPP) has emerged as an attractive approach. , PET typically has a solubility parameter (δ) value of about 22 MPa 1/2 , while PP covers a range of 16.16–19.23 MPa 1/2 , implying the immiscibility of polymers. , The poor compatibility due to the difference in polarity of rPET and rPP requires addressing the dispersion and interfacial adhesion issue . This compatibility can be improved using compatibilizers, such as PP grafted with maleic anhydride (PP- g -MA), PP grafted with acrylic acid (PP- g -AA), and ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate (EGMA) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,17 The poor compatibility due to the difference in polarity of rPET and rPP requires addressing the dispersion and interfacial adhesion issue. 18 This compatibility can be improved using compatibilizers, such as PP grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA), 19 PP grafted with acrylic acid (PP-g-AA), 20 and ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate (EGMA). 21 As PET requires processing at high temperatures, a series of thermal and hydrolytic degradation reactions occur in the presence of water and other residues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactive Blending of Recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Recycled Polypropylene: Kinetics Modeling of Non-Isothermal Crystallization

et al. 2023

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Plastics were developed to change our world for the better. However, plastic pollution has become a serious global environmental crisis. Thermoplastic polyesters and polyolefins are among the most abundant plastic waste. This work presents an in-depth non-isothermal crystallization kinetics analysis of recycled post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPET) and recycled polypropylene (rPP) blends prepared through reactive compounding. The effect of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) on crystallization kinetics and phase morphology of rPET/rPP blends was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and microscopy techniques. DSC results showed that increasing rPP content accelerated rPET crystallization while reducing crystallinity, which indicates the nucleation effect of the rPP phase in blends. Further, it was found that the incorporation of PMDA increased the degree of crystallinity during non-isothermal crystallization, even though the rate of crystallinity decreased slightly due to its restriction effects. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics was analyzed based on the theoretical models developed by Jeziorny, Ozawa, Mo, and Tobin. The activation energy of the crystallization process derived from Kissinger, Takhor, and Augis−Bennett models was found to increase in rPET/rPP blends with increasing PMDA due to hindered dynamics of the system. Rheological measurements revealed that rPET melt viscosity is remarkably increased in the presence of PMDA and reactive blending with rPP relevant for processing. Moreover, nanomechanical mapping of the rPP phase dispersed in the rPET matrix demonstrated the broadening of the interfacial domains after reactive blending due to the branching effect of PMDA. Findings from this study are essential for the recycling/ upcycling thermoplastics through non-isothermal fabrication processes, such as extrusion and injection molding, to mitigate the lack of sorting options.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Blending of Recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Recycled Polypropylene: Kinetics Modeling of Non-Isothermal Crystallization

et al. 2023

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“…Plastics are not necessarily disordered or downgraded after mixing. In fact, plastic alloy is a promising design to improve the overall performances of mixed plastics [21][22][23], in which one component is compatible well with the other one. In addition, nanoclays (NCs) are widely used to fabricate polymer composites [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused Deposition Modeling of Single-Use Plastic Alloy

Wang

Pan

2023

Advances in Polymer Technology

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Packaging plastics are called ‘single-use plastics’ because of short lifetime. Among which, the three plastics of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) take more than 70%. Due to incompatibility, few research has been done on the alloy of the three plastics. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of single-use plastic alloy (SUPA) of ternary PE, PP, and PET as the 3D printing material. Tensile and bending tests are carried out to investigate the mechanical properties, photographs of scanning electron microscope (SEM) are taken for morphology analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are used to study the crystallization behavior of the alloys. The results show that there is an optimal ratio for all the components to obtain the best mechanical performances, i.e., the ratio of PP / PE = 40 / 60 with 20 wt% PET, 2 wt% maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) and 2 wt% organic modified montmorillonite (OMMT). This SUPA has a tensile strength of 14.48 MPa, a tensile modulus of 586.42 MPa, a flexural strength of 15.85 MPa, and a flexural modulus of 544.67 MPa. Due to the function of compatibilizer and nanoclay (NC) will be affected by redundancy, the potential primary fibrosis while collecting the feeding filaments and the secondary fibrosis at the nozzle of 3D printing might be responsible for the variation of the mechanical performances.

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“…4,5 Polymer blends have gained considerable prominence in the plastics industry. 6,7 These consist of physical mixtures of two or more polymers, regardless of possible chemical bonds between the components. 8 Interest in developing polymer blends that tailor the impact strength of semicrystalline thermoplastics for toughening purposes has grown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring polyamide 6 to exhibit super‐tough behavior and high thermomechanical stability: The role of AES and EPDM‐MA hybridization

Silva

Luna

Filho

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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High‐performance blends based on polyamide 6 (PA6) were prepared using a hybrid mixture of acrylonitrile/EPDM/styrene (AES) and maleic anhydride grafted ethylene–propylene–diene (EPDM‐MA). Samples were processed in a twin‐screw extruder and injection molded. The torque curves of the PA6/AES/EPDM‐MA blends shifted to higher torque values with added EPDM‐MA, suggesting a chemical interaction between the components. The melt flow index (MFI) results for the PA6/AES/EPDM‐MA blends confirmed the intensification of the flow resistance. Intense infrared absorption peaks for NH and CO indicated that the amine groups of PA6 reacted with the maleic anhydride in EPDM‐MA. The 60/25/15 wt% PA6/AES/EPDM‐MA blend showed an impact strength over 800 J/m, heat deflection temperature (HDT) of 62.3°C, elongation at break of 115%, and contact angle of 59.1°, corresponding to increases of 1718%, 10.5%, 297%, and 10%, respectively, compared to neat PA6. When examined by scanning electron microscopy, the morphology showed a fracture surface with a high degree of plastic deformation and the formation of elastic microfibrils, contributing to the super toughening of the PA6/AES/EPDM‐MA (15%) system. These results indicate the technological potential of the PA6/AES/EPDM‐MA (15 wt%) blends for application in industrial sectors that require super‐tough plastics.

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The effect of different compatibilisers on the morphology and rheological properties of PP/PET polymer blends

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Reactive Blending of Recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Recycled Polypropylene: Kinetics Modeling of Non-Isothermal Crystallization

Reactive Blending of Recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Recycled Polypropylene: Kinetics Modeling of Non-Isothermal Crystallization

Fused Deposition Modeling of Single-Use Plastic Alloy

Tailoring polyamide 6 to exhibit super‐tough behavior and high thermomechanical stability: The role of AES and EPDM‐MA hybridization

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