The effect of different processing, injection molding (IM) and fused deposition modeling (FDM), on the environmental stress cracking (ESC) behavior of filled and unfilled polycarbonate (PC)

Huang, Miaozi; Nomai, Jiraporn; Schlarb, Alois K.

doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2021.18

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…An early explanation suggests that exposure to organic liquids decreases the surface energy necessary for crack initiation. Consequently, the environment‐induced stress for craze or crack formation in such liquids is substantially lower than in non‐reactive settings like air or vacuum 32,33 . The rationale behind this assertion is that the stress threshold for crack initiation diminishes in such environments since the interfacial tension between the solid and liquid is lower than the tension at the solid/air interface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the environment-induced stress for craze or crack formation in such liquids is substantially lower than in non-reactive settings like air or vacuum. 32,33 The rationale behind this assertion is that the stress threshold for crack initiation diminishes in such environments since the interfacial tension between the solid and liquid is lower than the tension at the solid/ air interface. This is the predominant factor leading to the susceptibility of PBPA tablets to cracking.…”

Section: Solvent Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced antistatic and solvent resistant polycarbonate blends: Fabrication and characterization

Wu,

Pu,

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study presents the development of advanced antistatic and solvent resistant polycarbonate blends by incorporating antistatic agents (AAs) into bisphenol A‐type polycarbonate (PBPA) and polycarbonate‐polysiloxane copolymer (P‐Si). A straightforward one‐step melt blending was employed to fabricate PBPA/P‐Si/AA blends. Comprehensive characterization methods, including Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), optical microscope, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and both tensile and impact tests were deployed to study the structure, morphology, thermal, and mechanical behaviors of the synthesized blends. The results demonstrated effective mixing of PBPA and P‐Si. The Tg of PBPA/P‐Si/AA blends is decreased relative to PBPA, because the chain flexibility of the blends will be increased after adding AA, which is reflected in the impact strength and elongation at break of PBPA/P‐Si/AA blends. On the other hand, the thermal stability of PBPA/P‐Si/AA is reduced relative to PBPA. The most significant result is that the resistance of the blends to ethyl acetate is enhanced. This is because the addition of P‐Si to the matrix introduces a high bonding energy SiO bond, which makes PHBPA/P‐Si less prone to detachment and cracking and swelling when exposed to ethyl acetate. While improving the solvent resistance, the blends also have excellent antistatic property, only the concentration of AA is increased to 6 wt.%, and the surface resistance of PBPA/P‐Si/AA is reduced from 106 GΩ to only 1 GΩ. This dramatic decrease is a result of the widespread distribution of the positive charge of the ammonium ion throughout the material, promoting the formation of a continuous conductive network within the matrix and thereby enhancing conductivity. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights into improving the solvent resistance and antistatic characteristics of polycarbonate blends.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solvent Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced antistatic and solvent resistant polycarbonate blends: Fabrication and characterization

Wu,

Pu,

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…In the last decade, there has been an explosion in the number of desktop-type 3D printer users due to the diversification and ease of access of 1.75 and 2.85 mm diameter polymer filament consumables. The materials frequently used in the FDM method are poly(lactic acid) (PLA) [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) [ 18 , 19 , 20 ], polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], polypropylene (PP) [ 24 , 25 , 26 ], polycarbonate (PC) [ 27 ], polyetheretherketone (PEEK) [ 28 , 29 , 30 ], thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) [ 31 , 32 , 33 ], and polyamide (PA). In today’s market, apart from thermoplastics, it has become possible to reach varieties of composite materials such as glass fibre-reinforced PP [ 34 ], carbon fibre-reinforced PET [ 35 ], and carbon fibre-reinforced PA [ 36 ] and metallic materials such as stainless steel 316L [ 37 ] and 17-4ph [ 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Post-UV-Curing on the Flexural and Absorptive Behaviour of FDM-3D-Printed Poly(lactic acid) Parts

Akderya¹

2023

Polymers

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In this study, the effects of the post-ultraviolet-curing process on the flexural, absorptive, and morphological properties of poly(lactic acid) specimens produced using a fused deposition modelling technique 3D printer were experimentally investigated. In this direction, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min post-UV-curing processes were applied to poly(lactic acid) three-point bending and absorption specimens produced at 190 and 200 °C. Three-point bending tests and morphological analyses were applied after the post-ultraviolet-curing process, and absorption tests were applied by immersing the post-ultraviolet-cured specimens in a distilled water bath for 1-, 3-day, and 1-, 2-, and 4-week exposure times. The changes in flexural strain properties for each experimental parameter were also simulated by the computer-aided finite element analysis and compared with the experimental results. It was observed that the post-ultraviolet-curing process increased the flexural strength of the poly(lactic acid) specimens produced at both 190 and 200 °C with the same increasing trend up to 30 min of exposure, and the most significant increase was determined in the specimens that were subjected to post-ultraviolet-curing for 30 min. Although the flexural strengths of the post-ultraviolet-cured specimens were higher than the non-cured specimens in all conditions, it was detected that they tended to decrease after 30 min.

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“…The investigation of the ESC behavior under mechanical load can be carried out under static or dynamic load. Mechanical tests of thermoplastics under static loading, either tensile, bending, or creep tests, are widely known in the literature [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. These investigations were either carried out on specimens previously immersed in the SCA [20] or during in situ wetting [10,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Sample Wetting Method on ESC-Behavior of PMMA under Dynamic Fatigue Crack Propagation

et al. 2022

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Environmental stress cracking (ESC) is one of the most prominent failure mechanisms for polymer components. The high sensitivity of plastics in regard to environmental influences has always meant that plastics as materials have been viewed very critically in outdoor applications. Recently, the massive occurrence of microplastics in the environment means that questions about the long-term stability of plastic parts and the studies of plastic fragmentation are of great scientific interest. ESC behavior also plays an important role in connection with the formation of microplastics. In this work, the influence of two different sample wetting methods on ESC behavior was investigated. In case A, the sample was in situ wetted with the medium during the measurement by using a sponge. In case B, the sample was wetted by storage in the medium prior to measurement. Different stress cracking agents (SCA) were examined for polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Fracture-mechanical fatigue crack propagation (FCP) tests were carried out to quantitatively determine the sensitivity to ESC. Correlations between the absorption behavior and the ESC behavior of the SCA and the resulting morphological phenomena were established. Depending on the wetting method, significant differences in FCP were observed. The in situ wetting of the samples (case A) during the FCP measurement with ethylene glycol (EG) and with deionized water (DI) led to a significant shift in the crack propagation curves to higher ∆K—compared to the PMMA reference. In the case of n-heptane (NH), a more brittle crack propagation behavior was observed due to the chemical interaction with PMMA. The previously immersed samples (case B) give different results. Storage in NH and EG showed no influence on the crack propagation behavior. Samples immersed in DI showed a completely different course of crack growth. At a certain load, a sudden deceleration of the crack propagation and thus a horizontal curve could be seen. Above a certain ∆K value, crack growth began again. Depending on the immersion time (14, 30, or 60 days), this so-called stepped behavior shifted to lower da/dN values.

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The effect of different processing, injection molding (IM) and fused deposition modeling (FDM), on the environmental stress cracking (ESC) behavior of filled and unfilled polycarbonate (PC)

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Enhanced antistatic and solvent resistant polycarbonate blends: Fabrication and characterization

Enhanced antistatic and solvent resistant polycarbonate blends: Fabrication and characterization

Effects of Post-UV-Curing on the Flexural and Absorptive Behaviour of FDM-3D-Printed Poly(lactic acid) Parts

Influence of Sample Wetting Method on ESC-Behavior of PMMA under Dynamic Fatigue Crack Propagation

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