The effect of disparity change on binocular visual evoked potential parameters elicited by convergent dynamic random-dot stereogram stimuli in humans

Şahinoğlu, Babür

doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0704-3

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Sahinoglu et al in 2002 used dynamic RD stereogram presentations with convergent disparities to identify an N1 peak (200-400 ms) whose peak latency and amplitude changed with increasing disparity. 32 Many other studies also have reported a similar effect on the early negativity. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39] In our current study, an enhanced N1 peak was observed in response to the HD condition, which appeared as a surface corrugated in depth, compared to the ZD condition, which was a fusible flat surface.…”

Section: Evoked Potentials To Static Pattern Onset Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 63%

Neural and Vascular Responses to Fused Binocular Stimuli: A VEP and fNIRS Study

Wijeakumar

Shahani

McCulloch

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation between neural and hemodynamic responses to stereoscopic stimuli recorded over visual cortex. METHODS.Test stimuli consisted of a static checkerboard (checks) and dichoptic static random dot (RD) presentations with no binocular disparity (ZD) or with horizontal disparity (HD). Hemodynamic responses were recorded from right and left occipital sites using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded over three occipital sites to the onset of the same stimuli.RESULTS. Early components, N1 and P2, were sensitive to HD, suggesting that an enhanced N1-reduced P2 complex could be an indicator of binocular disparity and stereopsis. VEPs to checks and ZD stimulation were similar. fNIRS recordings showed changes in hemodynamic activation from baseline levels in response to all stimuli. In general, HD elicited a larger vascular response than ZD. Oxyhemoglobin concentration (HbO) was correlated with the VEP amplitude during the checks and HD presentations. CONCLUSIONS.We report an association between neural and hemodynamic activation in response to checks and HD. In addition, the results suggested that N1-P2 complex in the VEP could be a neural marker for stereopsis and fNIRS demonstrated differences in HbO. Specifically, checks and HD elicited larger hemodynamic responses than random dot patterns without binocular disparity. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:5881-5889) DOI:10.1167/iovs.12-10399 D epth perception is based on the amalgamation of monocular cues, such as lighting, accommodation, shading, blur, perspective, and motion parallax, and binocular cues, such as convergence and stereopsis. Of these, stereopsis is the principal measure of binocular vision. Multiple studies have used electrophysiologic and psychophysical methods to investigate stereoscopic processing.1-4 Aspects, such as visual persistence, hemispheric dominancy, position within the visual field, temporal frequency, and depth reversal rates, affected depth perception. 5-9 Visual evoked potential (VEP) studies have implicated the N1 (or an early negative wave) and P3 components to be elicited in the visual cortex by stereo and depth-inducing stimuli. [10][11][12][13][14][15] In accordance with these results, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has shown definitively that areas involved in stereoscopic processing extend from the dorsal occipital [16][17][18] through to the posterior parietal areas. 16,[19][20][21] The relatively new technique of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can measure changes in blood flow in response to neural activation as absolute or relative concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (HbO) and deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) levels. fNIRS relies on the principle that amplitude modulated light of two different wavelengths from the near-infrared and visible spectrum will penetrate the scalp and skull through to brain tissue. fNIRS also can be used easily in conjunction with VEPs. In previous studies, we have shown, usi...

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Section: Evoked Potentials To Static Pattern Onset Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 63%

Neural and Vascular Responses to Fused Binocular Stimuli: A VEP and fNIRS Study

Wijeakumar

Shahani

McCulloch

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Every dot contained 6 × 6 pixels and the duty ratio of the dots was 50%. Because the dynamic RDS would induce the continuous snowstorm (dynamic TV noise) and lead to much sense of flash, an altered approach was used to remove the monocular cues in the image sequence 21 39 . A square of 660 × 660 pixels was designed, which was large enough for containing the digits or fixation cross and was at the center of each image.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies show that after watching a period of 3D movies the accumulative visual fatigue could cause changes of EEG-related signals, such as the energy in certain wavebands 18 , the steady-state evoked potential (SSVEP) or the P600 (a delayed member of the P3 component) 19 . For real-time measurements, some studies have found that small horizontal disparities did have influences on early event-related potential (ERP) components 20 21 22 23 24 , such as P1 20 , N1 23 24 , P2 24 and N2 23 . The later ERP components, however, have been less investigated when watching the comfortable 3D images.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of DP3 Signals Evoked by Comfortable 3D Images and 2D Images — an Event-Related Potential Study using an Oddball Task

Gao

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The horizontal binocular disparity is a critical factor for the visual fatigue induced by watching stereoscopic TVs. Stereoscopic images that possess the disparity within the ‘comfort zones’ and remain still in the depth direction are considered comfortable to the viewers as 2D images. However, the difference in brain activities between processing such comfortable stereoscopic images and 2D images is still less studied. The DP3 (differential P3) signal refers to an event-related potential (ERP) component indicating attentional processes, which is typically evoked by odd target stimuli among standard stimuli in an oddball task. The present study found that the DP3 signal elicited by the comfortable 3D images exhibits the delayed peak latency and enhanced peak amplitude over the anterior and central scalp regions compared to the 2D images. The finding suggests that compared to the processing of the 2D images, more attentional resources are involved in the processing of the stereoscopic images even though they are subjectively comfortable.

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“…Random‐dot stereograms (RDS) and dynamic random‐dot stereograms (DRDS) with various horizontal disparities are often used as stimuli to evoke depth‐related VEPs. In previous literature, results show differences in the latencies and in the number of peaks recorded 6–18 . Most investigators have obtained a prominent negative peak with a latency of 100 to 300 ms, which has been considered as sensitive to the disparity of stimulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Investigating the neural activity of various 3D visual fatigue degrees using depth‐related visual evoked potentials

Kang

Wang

2020

J Soc Info Display

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Severe visual fatigue symptoms occur while users view three‐dimensional (3D) content. These symptoms adversely affect the user experience and hinder the widespread application of 3D media. Existing studies mainly used electroencephalography (EEG) power (based on frequency domain analysis) to evaluate 3D visual fatigue (3DVF), but their results were often contradictory and confusing. To address this problem, we investigated the relationship between EEG features and visual fatigue from the perspective of both time and time‐frequency domain. Random‐dot stereograms (RDS) with various disparities were employed to elicit depth‐related visual evoked potentials (VEPs). The experiment lasted about 27 min for each subject to induce fatigue, and the EEG was recorded synchronously. VEPs of different fatigue levels were processed to extract both time (such as P120 and N170 components in VEPs) and time‐frequency (like event‐related spectral perturbation [ERSP]) domain characteristics. A significant increase in P120 amplitude was observed in the parietal region, and time‐frequency analysis also revealed a significant ERSP decrease of theta bands in the central‐frontal region with a latency of 200 to 300 ms when subjects suffered fatigue. Our results confirm the hypothesis that activity of theta decreased with 3DVF level, or rather, we found ERSPs of theta bands on FC4 and Cz in the 200‐ to 300‐ms window decreased significantly across four fatigue levels. Furthermore, we first reported the relationship between P120 amplitude and 3DVF, which implied this feature could be considered as a feature of 3DVF evaluation. In summary, our studies could provide a new insight for 3DVF evaluation using EEG.

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The effect of disparity change on binocular visual evoked potential parameters elicited by convergent dynamic random-dot stereogram stimuli in humans

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Neural and Vascular Responses to Fused Binocular Stimuli: A VEP and fNIRS Study

Neural and Vascular Responses to Fused Binocular Stimuli: A VEP and fNIRS Study

Comparison of DP3 Signals Evoked by Comfortable 3D Images and 2D Images — an Event-Related Potential Study using an Oddball Task

Investigating the neural activity of various 3D visual fatigue degrees using depth‐related visual evoked potentials

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