The effect of drug abuse on body mass index in Hispanics with and without HIV infection

Forrester, Janet E.; Tucker, Katherine L.; Gorbach, Sherwood L.

doi:10.1079/phn2004667

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is a paper by Forrester et al, 2005 which showed that among Hispanics, HIV positive drug users had a BMI that was significantly lower than that of HIV positive non-drug users. In addition, in the men, cocaine use alone or mixed with opiates was associated with lower BMI (Forrester et al, 2005). Our study found that cocaine use only (not mixed with heroin) was associated with lower BMI, in both men and women of mixed race/ethnicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk of malnutrition in drug users is likely multifactorial and may be due to (or exacerbated by) lower caloric intake, abnormal gastrointestinal function or metabolism, or direct effects of the drug(s) itself. A study conducted among a Hispanic population showed that the HIV-infected drug users were more likely to experience malnutrition and weight loss than HIV infected individuals who were not-drug users (Forrester et al, 2005). However, scant research has been conducted among other HIVinfected populations to identify the role that specific drugs and other related factors might play in weight loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drug use and other risk factors related to lower body mass index among HIV-infected individuals

Quach

Wanke

Schmid

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Malnutrition is associated with morbidity and mortality in HIV infected individuals. Little research has been conducted to identify the roles that clinical, illicit drug use and socioeconomic characteristics play in the nutritional status of HIV-infected patients. This cross-sectional analysis included 562 HIV-infected participants enrolled in the Nutrition for Healthy Living study conducted in Boston, MA and Providence, RI. The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and several covariates (type of drug use, demographic, and clinical characteristics) were examined using linear regression.Overall, drug users had a lower BMI than non-drug users. The BMI of cocaine users was 1.4 kg/ m 2 less than that of patients who did not use any drugs, after adjusting for other covariates (p= 0.02). The BMI of participants who were over the age of 55 years was 2.0 kg/m 2 less than that of patients under the age of 35, and BMI increased by 0.3 kg/m 2 with each 100 cells/mm 3 increase in CD4 count. HAART use, adherence to HAART, energy intake, AIDS status, hepatitis B and hepatitis C co-infections, cigarette smoking and depression were not associated with BMI in the final model.In conclusion, BMI was lower in drug users than non-drug users, and was lowest in cocaine users. BMI was also directly associated with CD4 count and inversely related to age more than 55 years old. HIV infected cocaine users may be at higher risk of developing malnutrition, suggesting the need for anticipatory nutritional support.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug use and other risk factors related to lower body mass index among HIV-infected individuals

Quach

Wanke

Schmid

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…For example, cocaine users ate significantly fewer complete/ balanced meals per day than did noncocaine users (Castro & Nacht, 2000). While wasting and lower BMI were observed in all subjects, men who used cocaine singly or in combination with heroin presented a lower BMI compared to strict heroin or methadone users (Forrester, Tucker, & Gorbach, 2005).. Studies show that nondietary factors can also affect the weight patterns and nutrient requirements of drug abusers. For example, cocaine is known to increase fidgeting, restlessness, and repetitive activity (termed stereotypy) in rodents and humans.…”

Section: Individual Factors Hiv and Substance Abuse Symptomologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Nutritional Health Outcomes of African American Women with HIV and Substance Abuse Disorders Using a Socioecological Approach

Mahadevan

Ruzsilla

2012

Sage Open

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It is well established that poor nutritional status leaves HIV-positive substance abusers especially vulnerable to an increased risk of opportunistic infections and other illnesses. Socioecological frameworks have been useful for identifying multiple influences on health risks, leading to the development and evaluation of promising community-based interventions for diseases such as cancer and diabetes. This article presents a conceptual model, based on the socioecological approach, to examine the mechanisms and pathways by which the various contextual factors unique to HIV-positive African American women with substance abuse disorders intersect to impact their nutritional health outcomes. The mediating effects of the interpersonal, environmental, and psychological factors on the direct links between disease symptomology, demographic and socioeconomic variables, and nutritional health are emphasized. The long-term goal is to provide the empirical foundation necessary to design targeted interventions that meet the unique personal, social, and familial needs of this population with multiple vulnerabilities.

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“…While dietary insufficiency is the most plausible cause of poor nutrition, studies using objective measures of dietary intake have failed to provide evidence that the diet of drug abusers can explain differences in nutritional status, including differences in weight [3,7,10,11] . Nondietary factors have rarely been examined [12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accounting for differences in the stage of HIV disease did not alter the conclusions. Early stage HIV and infection with hepatitis did not account for differences in nutritional parameters between drug abusers and non-drug abusers in studies that collected information on infection status [2,12] . Thus, the impact of drug abuse may depend on the severity of concurrent disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Alterations in Drug Abusers With and Without HIV

Forrester

2006

American J. of Infectious Diseases

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Many studies have found that drug abusers have nutritional deficits, including weight deficits. The most plausible explanation for these deficits is dietary insufficiency. However, studies using objective measures of the dietary intake of drug abusers have failed to provide evidence of dietary insufficiency. Other mechanisms have rarely been examined. This article reviews the published literature on the nutritional status of drug abusers with and without HIV, with emphasis on dietary energy and macronutrient intake.

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The effect of drug abuse on body mass index in Hispanics with and without HIV infection

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Drug use and other risk factors related to lower body mass index among HIV-infected individuals

Drug use and other risk factors related to lower body mass index among HIV-infected individuals

Assessing the Nutritional Health Outcomes of African American Women with HIV and Substance Abuse Disorders Using a Socioecological Approach

Nutritional Alterations in Drug Abusers With and Without HIV

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