The Effect of Early Parent‐Infant Contact on Newborn Body Temperature

Hill, Susan T.; Shronk, Lucille K.

doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.1979.tb00963.x

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Infants were between 33 and 55 hours postnatal age at study entry Gray 2002 Infants were between 40 and 44 hours postnatal age at study entry Grossman 1981 A questionable quasi-randomization procedure was used - the experimental treatment and time are confounded. No mention was made regarding whether the early contact was skin-to-skin Hill 1979 The study was described as “experimental” with 50 infants per group but the author does not state that infants were randomized to groups. Study compared swaddled holding (not SSC) by the mother or father to a heated transporter Ibe 2004 In the KMC group, infants were dressed in cotton vests and caps and placed between their mother’s breasts.…”

Section: (1) Selection Bias (Allocation Concealment)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants

Moore

Anderson

Bergman

et al. 2012

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

738

833

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Background Mother-infant separation postbirth is common in Western culture. Early skin-to-skin contact (SSC) begins ideally at birth and involves placing the naked baby, head covered with a dry cap and a warm blanket across the back, prone on the mother’s bare chest. According to mammalian neuroscience, the intimate contact inherent in this place (habitat) evokes neurobehaviors ensuring fulfillment of basic biological needs. This time may represent a psychophysiologically ‘sensitive period’ for programming future physiology and behavior. Objectives To assess the effects of early SSC on breastfeeding, physiological adaptation, and behavior in healthy mother-newborn dyads. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group’s Trials Register (30 November 2011), made personal contact with trialists, and consulted the bibliography on kangaroo mother care (KMC) maintained by Dr. Susan Ludington. Selection criteria Randomized controlled trials comparing early SSC with usual hospital care. Data collection and analysis We independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information. Main results Thirty-four randomized controlled trials were included involving 2177 participants (mother-infant dyads). Data from more than two trials were available for only eight outcome measures. For primary outcomes, we found a statistically significant positive effect of early SSC on breastfeeding at one to four months postbirth (13 trials; 702 participants) (risk ratio (RR) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06 to 1.53, and SSC increased breastfeeding duration (seven trials; 324 participants) (mean difference (MD) 42.55 days, 95% CI −1.69 to 86.79) but the results did not quite reach statistical significance (P = 0.06). Late preterm infants had better cardio-respiratory stability with early SSC (one trial; 31 participants) (MD 2.88, 95% CI 0.53 to 5.23). Blood glucose 75 to 90 minutes following the birth was significantly higher in SSC infants (two trials, 94 infants) (MD 10.56 mg/dL, 95% CI 8.40 to 12.72). The overall methodological quality of trials was mixed, and there was high heterogeneity for some outcomes. Authors’ conclusions Limitations included methodological quality, variations in intervention implementation, and outcomes. The intervention appears to benefit breastfeeding outcomes, and cardio-respiratory stability and decrease infant crying, and has no apparent short- or long-term negative effects. Further investigation is recommended. To facilitate meta-analysis, future research should be done using outcome measures consistent with those in the studies included here. Published reports should clearly indicate if the intervention was SSC with time of initiation and duration and include means, standard deviations and exact probability values.

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Section: (1) Selection Bias (Allocation Concealment)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants

Moore

Anderson

Bergman

et al. 2012

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

738

833

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Infants were between 33 and 55 hours postnatal age at study entry Gray 2002 Infants were between 40 and 44 hours postnatal age at study entry Grossman 1981 A questionable quasi-randomization procedure was used -the experimental treatment and time are confounded. No mention was made regarding whether the early contact was skin-to-skin Hill 1979 The study was described as "experimental" with 50 infants per group but the author does not state that infants were randomized to groups. Study compared swaddled holding (not SSC) by the mother or father to a heated transporter Ibe 2004 In the KMC group, infants were dressed in cotton vests and caps and placed between their mother's breasts.…”

Section: Gomes-pedro 1984mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants

Anderson

Moore

Hepworth

et al. 2003

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

131

105

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Background-Mother-infant separation postbirth is common in Western culture. Early skin-toskin contact (SSC) begins ideally at birth and involves placing the naked baby, head covered with a dry cap and a warm blanket across the back, prone on the mother's bare chest. According to mammalian neuroscience, the intimate contact inherent in this place (habitat) evokes neurobehaviors ensuring fulfillment of basic biological needs. This time may represent a psychophysiologically 'sensitive period' for programming future physiology and behavior.Objectives-To assess the effects of early SSC on breastfeeding, physiological adaptation, and behavior in healthy mother-newborn dyads.Search methods-We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (30 November 2011), made personal contact with trialists, and consulted the bibliography on kangaroo mother care (KMC) maintained by Dr. Susan Ludington.Selection criteria-Randomized controlled trials comparing early SSC with usual hospital care.Data collection and analysis-We independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Colombia; and Cleveland, Ohio. Dr Bergman has received reimbursement for lectures that he has conducted on Kangaroo Mother Care and from the sale of KMC related products. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROTOCOL AND REVIEW:The protocol has been updated. We have modified outcomes and used updated methods. Quasi-randomized controlled trials are no longer part of the inclusion criteria so Anisfeld 1983 has now been excluded.Main results-Thirty-four randomized controlled trials were included involving 2177 participants (mother-infant dyads). Data from more than two trials were available for only eight outcome measures. For primary outcomes, we found a statistically significant positive effect of early SSC on breastfeeding at one to four months postbirth (13 trials; 702 participants) (risk ratio (RR) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06 to 1.53, and SSC increased breastfeeding duration (seven trials; 324 participants) (mean difference (MD) 42.55 days, 95% CI −1.69 to 86.79) but the results did not quite reach statistical significance (P = 0.06). Late preterm infants had better cardio-respiratory stability with early SSC (one trial; 31 participants) (MD 2.88, 95% CI 0.53 to 5.23). Blood glucose 75 to 90 minutes following the birth was significantly higher in SSC infants (two trials, 94 infants) (MD 10.56 mg/dL, 95% CI 8.40 to 12.72).The overall methodological quality of trials was mixed, and there was high heterogeneity for some outcomes.Authors' conclusions-Limitations included methodological quality, variations in intervention implementation, and outcomes. The intervention appears to benefit breastfeeding outcomes, and cardio-respiratory stability and decrease infant crying, and has no apparent short-or long-term negative effects. Further investigation is recommended. To facilitate meta-analysis, future research should be done using outcome measures consistent with those in the studies included here. Published reports should clearly indicate if t...

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“…Full-term newborns placed in skin-to-skin contact up against the mother's chest (KC) or in her arms after birth have been shown to have mean rectal (Fardig 1980;Hill and Schronk 1979;Gardner 1979;Phillips 1974), abdominal (Fardig 1980), and axillary (Vaughans 1990) temperatures similar to infants kept under radiant warmers in the first hour following birth. Exploratory studies of preterm infants given KC within 30 min of birth suggest body heat maintenance rather than loss during long periods of KC (Ludington-Hoe and others 1999; Ludington-Hoe and others 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kangaroo Care Compared to Incubators in Maintaining Body Warmth in Preterm Infants

Ludington‐Hoe

Nguyen

Swinth

et al. 2000

Biological Research For Nursing

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Many preterm infants cared for in incubators do not experience Kangaroo Care (KC), skin-to-skin contact with their mothers, due to fear of body heat loss when being held outside the incubator. A randomized clinical trial of 16 KC and 13 control infants using a pretest-test-posttest design of three consecutive interfeeding intervals of 2.5 to 3.0 h duration each was conducted over 1 day. Infant abdominal and toe temperatures were measured in and out of the incubator; maternal breast temperature was measured during KC. Repeated measures ANOVA showed no change in abdominal temperature across all periods and between groups. Toe temperatures were significantly higher during KC than incubator periods, and maternal breast temperature met each infant's neutral thermal zone requirements within 5 min of onset of KC. Preterm infants similar to those studied here will maintain body warmth with up to 3 h of KC.

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The Effect of Early Parent‐Infant Contact on Newborn Body Temperature

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants

Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants

Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants

Kangaroo Care Compared to Incubators in Maintaining Body Warmth in Preterm Infants

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