The effect of eikenella corrodens endotoxin on periapical bone

Mattison, Gordon D.; Haddix, James E.; Kehoe, Joseph C.; Progulske‐Fox, Ann

doi:10.1016/s0099-2399(87)80005-5

Cited by 39 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These events lead to an inflammatory reaction and bone resorption in the periapical region. These facts emphasize the important role of LPS in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions (4,9,10,11).…”

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confidence: 61%

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Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Bacterial Endotoxin In Vivo

Silva

Filho

Leonardo

et al. 2002

Journal of Endodontics

112

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The aim of this study was the histopathological evaluation of apical and periapical tissues in dog teeth that were submitted to bacterial endotoxin, associated or not with calcium hydroxide. After removal of the pulp from 60 premolars, the teeth were divided into four groups and were filled with bacterial endotoxin (group 1), bacterial endotoxin plus calcium hydroxide (group 2), saline solution (group 3), or had induced periapical lesions with no treatment (group 4). After 30 days, animals were killed and the teeth processed histologically. The inflammatory infiltrate, the thickness of the periodontal ligament, and the presence of resorption areas were similar for groups 1 and 4. Groups 2 and 3 were similar to each other. It can be concluded that the bacterial endotoxin caused a periapical lesion and that calcium hydroxide detoxified the lipopolysaccharides in vivo.Improvement in microbiology techniques for culture and identification has shown that root canals in teeth with pulp necrosis and a chronic periapical reaction have a predominance of anaerobic microorganisms (1, 2), especially Gram-negative ones (3). This polybacterial infection is present not only in the lumen of the root canal and dentinal tubules, but also in the apical craters and the entire root canal system (2). Gram-negative microorganisms not only have different virulent factors and produce toxic products and sub-products in apical and periapical tissues, but also contain endotoxin in their cell wall. Endotoxin, which consists of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), is liberated during bacterial cell multiplication or death and is responsible for a series of important biological effects (4, 5). Its action on macrophages (6) triggers the release of a series of inflammatory, bioactive, chemical mediators, or cytokines (5), such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (4, 5) and interleukins-1 (5, 7), -6, and -8 (7). Endotoxin also induces fever (8), is mitogenic to B lymphocytes (5), activates the complement system (8) and the metabolism of arachidonic acid (5), and irreversibly adheres to mineralized tissues. These events lead to an inflammatory reaction and bone resorption in the periapical region. These facts emphasize the important role of LPS in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions (4, 9, 10, 11).A survey of the medical literature over the last 10 yr produced 22,450 articles dealing with endotoxin; however only four articles in dentistry (9, 10, 12, 13) evaluated the effects of LPS on apical and periapical tissues using experimental animals.Treatment of root canals in teeth with pulp necrosis and a chronic periapical reaction should not only be concerned with bacterial death, but also the inactivation of endotoxin. Safavi and Nichols (14, 15), Barthel et al. (4), and Olsen et al. (16) studied, in vitro, the effect of calcium hydroxide on bacterial LPS, because LPS may remain in the root canals between intracanal dressing sessions. However, there are no in vivo studies reporting this problem.The purpose of this study was to evaluate histopathologically the ef...

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mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…A survey of the medical literature over the last 10 yr produced 22,450 articles dealing with endotoxin; however only four articles in dentistry (9,10,12,13) evaluated the effects of LPS on apical and periapical tissues using experimental animals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Bacterial Endotoxin In Vivo

Silva

Filho

Leonardo

et al. 2002

Journal of Endodontics

112

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“…Interleukin-1␣ and tumor necrosis factor-␣ when released will initiate an inflammatory cascade leading to tissue destruction. Mattison et al showed LPS caused profound periradicular bone destruction when applied directly to the root canals of dogs (34). It would therefore seem sensible to use an endodontic irrigant capable of not only rendering biofilm nonviable, but also to use one capable of physically disrupting it, thus eliminating bacteria and their antigenic components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Exposure to Irrigant Solutions on Apical Dentin Biofilms In Vitro

Clegg¹,

Vertucci²,

Walker³

et al. 2006

Journal of Endodontics

234

163

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“…Eik. corrodens is also associated with certain forms of periodontal disease and is considered an important contributor to tissue destruction and alveolar bone loss in this complex infectious process (Listgarten et al, 1978;Tanner et al, 1979;Dzink et al, 1985;Mattison et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Progulske-Fox virulence of Eik. corrodens are its endotoxin, which is a potent stimulator of bone resorption (Progulske et al, 1984;Mattison et al, 1987), and slime, which has a strong immunosuppressive effect (Behling et al, 1979). For mucosal pathogens such as Eik.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning, Characterization and Sequencing of two Haemagglutinin Genes from Eikenella Corrodens

Rao

Whitlock²,

Progulske‐Fox³

1993

Journal of General Microbiology

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Eikenella corrodens is emerging as an important human pathogen, in both extra-oral and periodontal infections. From a clone bank of Eikenella corrodens chromosomal DNA produced in Escherichia coli JM109, twenty-two clones expressed Eikenella antigens and of these, two expressed functional haemagglutinins. By virtue of different restriction maps and a lack of homology by Southern hybridization, the two cloned fragments encoding the two haemagglutinins have been shown to be distinct. Maxicell analysis revealed that clone 1, carrying plasmid pVKR201, produces three Eikenella proteins, one of 31.5 kDa and two of approximately 14 kDa each. Expression of each of the proteins appears to be under the control of an Eikenella promoter(s). Clone 2, carrying plasmid pVKR301, produces two proteins, one of 93 kDa and the second of 17 kDa. Expression of both of these proteins in E. coli requires the lac promoter in the vector. By preparing a series of subclones and testing each by maxicell analysis and for haemagglutination activity, a functional map of the insert of clone 1 was deduced and the 31.5 kDa polypeptide identified as the haemagglutinin. Using similar methods, the 17 kDa protein was found to be the haemagglutinin of clone 2. The nucleotide sequences of both haemagglutinin genes were determined and are presented. Computer analysis revealed no homology between the two haemagglutinins, and no homology to any previously sequenced proteins. These are the first genes of this genus to be cloned and sequenced.

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The effect of eikenella corrodens endotoxin on periapical bone

Cited by 39 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Bacterial Endotoxin In Vivo

Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Bacterial Endotoxin In Vivo

The Effect of Exposure to Irrigant Solutions on Apical Dentin Biofilms In Vitro

Cloning, Characterization and Sequencing of two Haemagglutinin Genes from Eikenella Corrodens

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