The effect of emotion on cue utilization and the organization of behavior.

Easterbrook, James A.

doi:10.1037/h0047707

Cited by 2,685 publications

(1,788 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Notably, our new ERP results show that temporarily increasing affective state reliably influences this two-stage attention process taking place in the visual cortex early on following stimulus onset, indicated by a more efficient and earlier filtering of irrelevant information in this negative relative to a more positive affective state. This mechanism could eventually account for dynamic changes in attentional focus typically observed in several behavioral tasks after the induction of negative affect (Derryberry and Reed, 1998;Derryberry and Tucker, 1993;Easterbrook 1959).…”

Section: Two-stage Model Of Attention Selection Influenced By Affectmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…With regards to attention, not only increases of the C1 to attended visual stimuli were shown, but also substantial reductions of this same early visual component to unattended or task-irrelevant stimuli were evidenced, suggesting flexible and adaptive gain control mechanisms exerted by putative fronto-parietal networks onto lower tier visual cortex, 2009, 2011b) and emotion control (Stolarova er al., 2006) by themselves yield amplitude modulations of the C1 component during visual perception, we hypothesized a possible combined effect of the two factors influencing this early visual evoked component. More precisely, because negative affect typically leads to a narrowing of spatial attentional focus (Derryberry and Reed, 1998;Derryberry and Tucker, 1993;Easterbrook, 1959), we surmised that the transient induction of a negative affective state may alter the normal attentional filtering in V1. Therefore, we predicted that normal early load-dependent attention effects at the level of the C1 in response to peripheral, irrelevant stimuli, may be altered after the induction of state anxiety, relative to a control condition.…”

Section: Permeability Of Human V1 To Cognitive Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State-dependent attention modulation of human primary visual cortex: A high density ERP study

Rossi

2012

NeuroImage

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Converging electrophysiological and brain-imaging results show that sensory processing in V1 can be modulated by attention. In this study, we tested the prediction that this early filtering effect depends on the current affective state of the participant. We recorded visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to visual peripheral distractors while participants performed a demanding task at fixation, whose perceptual load was manipulated in a parametric fashion. Crucially, levels of negative affect were either increased or decreased independently of changes in perceptual load.Concurrent psychophysiological measurements and self-report scales confirmed that changes in emotional state were effective. In the control condition, ERP results showed that the C1 component generated in response to the exact same peripheral distractors systematically varied in amplitude with the amount of perceptual load imposed at fixation, being larger when perceptual load decreased. However, this early modulatory effect in V1 was disrupted when participants transiently experienced increased state anxiety, resulting in a decreased C1 amplitude even though task load at fixation remained low. These results suggest that early bottom-up processing in V1 is not only influenced by the amount of attention resources available, but also by the current internal state of the participant.

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Section: Two-stage Model Of Attention Selection Influenced By Affectmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Permeability Of Human V1 To Cognitive Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-dependent attention modulation of human primary visual cortex: A high density ERP study

Rossi

2012

NeuroImage

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“…First, anxiety leads to decrements in executive function (Eysenck et al, 2007), a critical ingredient for resisting egocentric interference when reasoning about others' differing perspectives (Fizke, Barthel, Peters, & Rakoczy, 2014;Lin et al, 2010). Second, anxiety heightens self-focused attention (Easterbrook, 1959;Sarason, 1975), which itself can increase reliance on self-knowledge during social prediction (Fenigstein & Abrams, 1993). Third, anxiety is typically accompanied by a sense of uncertainty (Lazarus, 1991;Lerner & Keltner, 2000;Smith & Ellsworth, 1985), which itself is associated with greater reliance on accessible knowledge during judgment (Mussweiler & Strack, 2000;Tversky & Kahneman, 1974).…”

Section: Anxiety and Mental-state Reasoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxious and egocentric: How specific emotions influence perspective taking.

Todd

Forstmann

Burgmer

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

135

108

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People frequently feel anxious. Although prior research has extensively studied how feeling anxious shapes intrapsychic aspects of cognition, much less is known about how anxiety affects interpersonal aspects of cognition. Here, we examine the influence of incidental experiences of anxiety on perceptual and conceptual forms of perspective taking. Compared with participants experiencing other negative, high-arousal emotions (i.e., anger or disgust) or neutral feelings, anxious participants displayed greater egocentrism in their mental-state reasoning: They were more likely to describe an object using their own spatial perspective, had more difficulty resisting egocentric interference when identifying an object from others' spatial perspectives, and relied more heavily on privileged knowledge when inferring others' beliefs. Using both experimental-causal-chain and measurement-of-mediation approaches, we found that these effects were explained, in part, by uncertainty appraisal tendencies. Further supporting the role of uncertainty, a positive emotion associated with uncertainty (i.e., surprise) produced increases in egocentrism that were similar to anxiety. Collectively, the results suggest that incidentally experiencing emotions associated with uncertainty increase reliance on one's own egocentric perspective when reasoning about the mental states of others.

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“…Similarly, there tends to be less processing of peripheral cues in negative states such as anxiety (Easterbrook, 1959). Individuals experiencing happy moods are more likely to consider fringe exemplars of categories as category members than are those in a neutral mood (Isen & Daubman, 1984), whereas depressed people form narrower categories than elated or neutral individuals when carrying out an open-ended categorisation task (Murray, Sujan, Hirt & Sujan, 1990).…”

Section: Encouragingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encouraging the perceptual underdog: Positive affective priming of nonpreferred local–global processes.

Tan¹,

Jones²,

Watson³

2009

Emotion

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Two experiments examined affective priming of global and local perception.Participants attempted to detect a target which might be present as either a global or a local shape. Verbal primes were used in one experiment, and pictorial primes in the other. In both experiments, positive primes led to improved performance on the nonpreferred dimension. For participants exhibiting global precedence, detection of local targets was significantly improved, whereas for participants exhibiting local precedence, detection of global targets was significantly improved. The results provide support for an interpretation of the effects of positive affective priming in terms of increased perceptual flexibility.

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The effect of emotion on cue utilization and the organization of behavior.

Cited by 2,685 publications

References 107 publications

State-dependent attention modulation of human primary visual cortex: A high density ERP study

State-dependent attention modulation of human primary visual cortex: A high density ERP study

Anxious and egocentric: How specific emotions influence perspective taking.

Encouraging the perceptual underdog: Positive affective priming of nonpreferred local–global processes.

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