The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education, Masculinity, and Femininity on the Entrepreneurial Intention of Students

Abstract

In the last decade, a lot of studies have focused on the effects of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of students. However, various conclusions are seen in previous literature regarding the impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intentions of students. In a lot of papers regarding the relation between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions and behavior, the variable sex (being male or female) is a control variable or studied as moderator. Since sex is not always seen as a sufficient moderator, some researchers split the total test group into two subgroups, based on the gender role orientation of people (masculinity and femininity) rather than the sex differences, although research in this area is quite scarce. This book chapter tackles this research gap and examines the effects of entrepreneurship education on student’s entrepreneurial intention, when emphasizing not only on sex but also on masculinity and femininity. Two different empirical studies are integrated. The first study demonstrates that male students have higher entrepreneurial intention compared with female students, and people with high masculinity also score higher in entrepreneurial intention, compared with people with low masculinity. The second study reveals that an elective, lecture-based course especially suited the students with high masculinity.

Gender, Entrepreneurial Education, Self-Efficacy, Internal Control Locus, and Entrepreneurial Intention Based on the Perspective of Students

“…Besides, this matter is related to appearance, attitude, and personality (Wade et al, 2020). It can be associated with entrepreneurial intention (Hoang et al, 2021;Malebana & Swanepoel, 2015;Osiri et al, 2020;Vercruysse, 2022;Wongnaa & Seyram, 2014;Yordanova & Tarrazon, 2010). In their study employing university students, Yordanova and Tarrazon (2010) exhibit that female has a lower tendency to be businesspersons than males.…”

“…For instance, Mardisentosa and Khusaini (2019), Hertanto and Slamet (2020), Liu et al (2022), and Mahlaole and Malebana (2022) report no gender gap based on this intention. However, Yordanova and Tarrazon (2010), Wongnaa and Seyram (2014), Malebana and Swanepoel (2015), Osiri et al (2020), Hoang et al (2021), andVercruysse (2022) argue that males have more propensity to be businesspeople than females.…”