The Effect of EVA and TPU Custom Foot Orthoses on Running Economy, Running Mechanics, and Comfort

Alsenoy, Ken Van; Ryu, Joong Hyun; Girard, Olivier

doi:10.3389/fspor.2019.00034

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Although TPU is flexible and abrasion-resistant, it cannot withstand high temperatures [32]. Its properties make TPU the ideal option for insoles, foot orthoses or thumb supports [33].…”

Section: Thermoplastic Polyurethane (Tpu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of 3D Printed Biomaterials in Reconstructive Surgery of the Anterior SkullB

Meius,

Voiosu,

Ionita

et al. 2024

Mater. Plast.

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Anterior skull base reconstruction is a complex surgical procedure that requires careful evaluation of the patient s condition and the expertise of a skilled surgical team. Skull base reconstruction objectives focus on providing water-tight separation between the intracranial and extracranial contents, closing dead space, and returning reasonable form and function. Regarding the reconstruction options, the main categories are non-vascular grafts, loco-regional flaps, free tissue transfer or bony-free flaps. The major challenge in reconstructive surgery is the effective sealing of the defect due to its uneven edges and the conformation of the anterior skull base. Given this challenge, we are considering the possibility of designing a prosthetic for anterior skull base defects using the 3D printer.

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“…Although TPU is flexible and abrasion-resistant, it cannot withstand high temperatures [32]. Its properties make TPU the ideal option for insoles, foot orthoses or thumb supports [33].…”

Section: Thermoplastic Polyurethane (Tpu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of 3D Printed Biomaterials in Reconstructive Surgery of the Anterior SkullB

Meius,

Voiosu,

Ionita

et al. 2024

Mater. Plast.

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“…Four out of six studies used a single item VAS scale to rate a complex construct such as footwear comfort either with or without ranking the footwear conditions from most to least comfortable (Lindorfer et al, 2020;Sinclair, McGrath, et al, 2016;Sinclair, Shore, et al, 2016;Souza et al, 2018). The need to identify and rate individual components of footwear such as the heel, arch and forefoot in different dimensions such as stability or cushioning is essential (Van Alsenoy, Ryu, & Girard, 2019). The nine-item comfort scale developed by Mundermann et al (2002) is the Fourthly, in all studies, recreational runners were asked to choose which footwear condition was more comfortable compared to others.…”

Section: Hr No Significant Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased footwear comfort is associated with improved running economy – a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Alsenoy

Linden

Girard

et al. 2021

European Journal of Sport Science

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Footwear with or without custom foot orthotics have the potential to improve comfort, but the link with running performance needs further investigation. We systematically reviewed the association of footwear comfort on running economy in recreational runners. Nine electronic databases were searched from inception to March 2020. Eligible studies investigated both direct outcome measures of running performance (e.g. running speed) and/or physiological measures (e.g. running economy (RE)) alongside comfort for each footwear condition tested. Methodological quality was assessed using the "Effective Public Health Practice Project" (EPHPP). RE during submaximal running was the most common physiological outcome reported in 4 of the 6 eligible studies. The absolute difference in RE between the most and least comfortable footwear condition was computed, and meta-analysis was conducted using a random effect model. The most comfortable footwear is associated with a reduction in oxygen consumption (MD: −2.06 mL.kg −1 .min −1 , 95%CI: −3.71, −0.42, P = 0.01) while running at a set submaximal speed. There was no significant heterogeneity (I 2 = 0%, P = 0.82). EPHPP quality assessment demonstrated weak quality of the studies, due to reporting bias and failing to disclose the psychometric properties of the outcome measures. It can be concluded with moderate certainty that improved RE in recreational athletes is associated with wearing more comfortable footwear compared to less comfortable footwear. Highlights. This systematic review reports on the association of footwear comfort with running economy in recreational runners. . Running economy during constant submaximal running is likely improved in recreational runners wearing more comfortable compared to less comfortable footwear. . This finding is based on a meta-analysis, including four studies, showing a small but statistically significant decreased oxygen consumption at steady state speeds while wearing the most comfortable footwear.

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“…This is due to its lightweight, great surface resilience, low energy absorption, and high energy return. Foot orthoses made from EVA show improved running economy and comfort of athletes as compared to other polymer foams [ 1 ]. However, foamed EVA is relatively soft and lacks mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposite Foams with Balanced Mechanical Properties and Energy Return from EVA and CNT for the Midsole of Sports Footwear Application

Chang

Kashcheev²,

Veksha

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Polymer foam that provides good support with high energy return (low energy loss) is desirable for sport footwear to improve running performance. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) foam is commonly used in the midsole of running shoes. However, EVA foam exhibits low mechanical properties. Conventional mineral fillers are usually employed to improve EVA’s mechanical performance, but the energy return is sacrificed. Here, we produced nanocomposite foams from EVA and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) using a chemical foaming process. Two kinds of CNT derived from the upcycling of commodity plastics were prepared through a catalytic chemical vapor deposition process and used as reinforcing and nucleating agents. Our results show that EVA foam incorporated with oxygenated CNT (O-CNT) demonstrated a more pronounced improvement of physical, mechanical, and dynamic impact response properties than acid-purified CNT (A-CNT). When CNT with weight percentage as low as 0.5 wt% was added to the nanocomposites, the physical properties, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, dynamic stiffness, and rebound performance of the EVA foams were improved significantly. Unlike the conventional EVA formulation filled with talc mineral fillers, the incorporation of CNT does not compromise the energy return of the EVA foam. From the long-cycle dynamic fatigue test, the CNT/EVA foam displays greater properties retention as compared to the talc/EVA foam. This work demonstrates a good balanced of mechanical-energy return properties of EVA nanocomposite foam with very low CNT content, which presents promising opportunities for lightweight–high rebound midsoles for running shoes.

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The Effect of EVA and TPU Custom Foot Orthoses on Running Economy, Running Mechanics, and Comfort

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Applications of 3D Printed Biomaterials in Reconstructive Surgery of the Anterior SkullB

Applications of 3D Printed Biomaterials in Reconstructive Surgery of the Anterior SkullB

Increased footwear comfort is associated with improved running economy – a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Nanocomposite Foams with Balanced Mechanical Properties and Energy Return from EVA and CNT for the Midsole of Sports Footwear Application

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