The Effect of Exercise on the Older Adult’s Blood Pressure Suffering Hypertension: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Clinical Trial Studies

Abstract

Background. Senescence refers to spontaneous and progressive irreversible degenerative changes in which both the physical and psychological power diminish significantly. Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Several studies have been conducted regarding the effect of exercise on reducing the blood pressure of the elderly, which have found contradictory results. One of the uses of meta-analysis study is responding to these assumptions and resolving the discrepancies. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to determine the impact of exercise on the blood pressure of older adults. Method. In this research, in order to find electronic published papers from 1992 to 2019, the papers published in both domestic and foreign databases including SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDox, Gogole Scholar, Cohrane, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (ISI) were used. Heterogeneity index between the studies was determined based on Cochran test Q(c) and I2. Considering existence of heterogeneity, random effects model was employed to estimate the standardized subtraction of the mean exercise test score for reduction of blood pressure in the older adults across the intervention group before and after the test. Results. In this meta-analysis and systematic review, eventually 69 papers met the inclusion criteria. The total number of participants was 2272 in the pre- and postintervention groups when examining the systolic changes and 2252 subjects in the pre- and postintervention groups when inspecting the diastolic changes. The standardized mean difference in examining the systolic changes before the intervention was 137.1 ± 8.09 and 132.98 ± 0.96 after the intervention; when exploring the diastolic changes, the pre- and postintervention values were 80.3 ± 0.85 and 76.0 ± 6.56, respectively, where these differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion. The results of this study indicated that exercise leads to significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Accordingly, regular exercise can be part of the treatment plan for hypertensive elderly.

The Effect of Brisk Walking on Blood Pressure in Hypertension Patients: A Literature Review

“…In line with research conducted by [10] blood pressure can be controlled with Brisk walking exercise that is carried out for a duration of 15-30 minutes every morning 1 week, while in research by [11] Brisk walking exercise can also reduce blood pressure done for 20-30 minutes in the morning within 2 weeks, Thus from the other 6 studies [1,2,4,7] suggests that Brisk walking exercise can control blood pressure that can be done within 30-45 minutes for 3 times in 1 week in the morning with an average of 4-6 km / h regularly ± 3 months.…”

“…In theory [6] Proposed that Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease, which claims high health care costs, pharmacotherapy which currently, people with hypertension tend to be more recommended with nonpharmacological methods than pharmacology by considering the pathological mechanisms of hypertension. Where, in nonpharmacological methods can modify lifestyle through a low-sodium diet, low-fat diet, increase potassium and calcium intake, and can decrease weight in individuals who are obese [7].…”

Potential Physiological and Cellular Mechanisms of Exercise That Decrease the Risk of Severe Complications and Mortality Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection

“…Extremely high systolic and diastolic BP can occur during weightlifting, exemplified by a group mean value of 320/250 mmHg (highest 480/350 mmHg) during leg press with heavy resistance [ 256 ]. With this in mind, regular exercise has been shown to reduce the BP at rest in hypertensive subjects [ 257 , 258 ]. Furthermore, PA and exercise training improve hemodynamics and prevent vascular damage.…”

The effect of exercise on the reduction of blood pressure among elderly with hypertension: a systematic literature review

“…Pharmacotherapy is one of the most effective treatments with minimal side effects, but increases the cost of health care. Several studies and international guidelines currently recommend non-pharmacological methods for the treatment of hypertension [10], [11]. Non-pharmacological method include controlling a healthy diet through increasing potassium as well as calcium intake, smoking cessation, increasing physical activity and reducing anxiety and fear [8], [11]- [13].…”