The effect of expander processing and pelleting on the nutritive value of feed for growing and finishing pigs

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of pelleting and/or expander processing on the nutritive value of feed when fed to growing and finishing pigs. Experiment 1 determined the effects of pelleting and/or expander processing on the apparent nutrient digestibility of the diets. In experiment 2, productive performance and carcass characteristics were determined in group‐fed pigs (n = 312) offered identical diets in raw pellet form (T1), expander‐processed pellet form (T2), raw meal form (T3) and expander‐processed meal form (T4). The expanded diets were expander processed at 105 °C for 5 s at 35 bar pressure. The pellet diets were steam pelleted at 85 °C into 3.0 mm pellets. Pelleting of the diets increased organic matter (P < 0.05), protein (P < 0.01), energy (P < 0.01) and ash (P < 0.01) digestibility as well as the digestible energy (DE) content of the diets (P < 0.01). Expander processing had no effect on the organic matter, protein and energy digestibility of the diets. There was a significant interaction (P < 0.05) between pelleting of the diet and expander processing in DE content of the diets. Expansion had no effect on the DE content of the pelleted diets; however, expansion increased the DE content of the meal diets (P < 0.05). In experiment 2 there was a significant interaction between the physical form of the diet and expansion in feed intake during the grower and finisher period (P < 0.01). Expander processing had no effect on feed intake in the pelleted diets; however, expansion decreased feed intake of the meal diets (P < 0.001). Both pelleting and expansion of the diets decreased growth rate during the grower and finisher period (P < 0.05). Pelleting of the diets improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the grower and finisher period (P < 0.05), while expander processing had no effect on FCR. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry

An investigation into the effect of dietary particle size and pelleting of diets for finishing pigs

“…Therefore, the observed improvement in pig performance can also be partly attributed to improved nutrient utilization and especially a higher DE content as a result of pelleting. Improvements in nutrient digestibility and dietary DE content as a result of pelleting have been reported previously (Graham et al, 1989;O'Doherty et al, 2000) and it has been suggested that the pelleting process disrupts the endosperm cell wall and increases the accessibility of digestive enzymes. However, it should be noted that the temperature used to pellet the diets appears to be important since Walker (1990) and Patterson (1989) found no change in finishing pig performance using pellets manufactured through a cold pellet press and Lundblad et al (2011) found that diet digestibility was better in nursery pigs offered pellets steam conditioned at 47 1C compared with pellets steam conditioned at 90 1C.…”

Effect of protease on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

“…Most studies on protease supplementation in swine diet have shown positive effects on nutrient digestibility and growth performance (Ji et al, 2008;Jo et al, 2012;Omogbenigun et al, 2004;Yin et al, 2004Yin et al, , 2001Zuo et al, 2015). Recently, standalone proteases have been available commercially and have shown beneficial effects on nutrient digestiblity and growth performance of pigs (Adeola & Cowieson, 2011;Guggenbuhl et al, 2012;Mc Alpine et al, 2012a;O'Doherty & Forde, 1999;Zuo et al, 2015). In the pig production industry, there is demand for effective ways to promote the growth of growing-finishing pigs.…”

“…Some studies of growing or finishing pigs did not confirm positive effects of protease on growth performance, although its inclusion in diets improved AID of amino acids, gross energy (O'Shea et al, 2014) and faecal nitrogen digestibility (Mc Alpine et al, 2012a) when diets were based on wheat distillers and rapeseed meal. On the other hand, another study showed the positive possibility of neutral protease on the growth performance of growing pigs, resulting from a better feed conversion ratio without improved digestible energy and nutrient digestibility (O'Doherty & Forde, 1999). Similar results were found in the current study.. Low BW pigs fed diets with added protease during the growing-finishing period showed improved growth performance through high feed efficiency compared with high BW pigs fed diets without protease.…”

“…Supplementation of exogenous enzymes in diets may complement the digestive system by degrading certain nutrients that are resistant to endogenous digestive enzymes (O'Doherty & Forde, 1999;O'Shea et al, 2014) or neutralize anti-nutritional factors such as enzyme inhibitors and improve nutrient digestibility (Zuo et al, 2015). Moreover, it has been reported that the activity of digestive enzymes in the stomach and pancreatic tissue is decreased dramatically after weaning (Hedemann & Jensen, 2004;Zuo et al, 2015).…”

Effects of temperature and feed processing on protease activity and dietary protease on growths of white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei, and tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus

“…In recent years, protease is attracting more attention for the increasing price and the availability of protein feedstuffs. The use of proteases to improve protein digestibility has been researched extensively in poultry and pigs (O'‐Doherty & Forde ; Ghazi et al . , ; Yu et al .…”