The Effect of Extracts of Certain Organs From Normal and Immunized Animals on the Infecting Power of Vaccine Virus

Abstract

Brain and testicle tissue from immune rabbits brought in contact with the Levaditi or Noguchi strains of vaccine virus will fix or inactivate the virus. Extracts of normal testicles from susceptible animals enhance to an extraordinary degree the infectivity of both the neuro- and dermal strains of vaccine virus. The Noguchi virus is not affected by testicle extracts when injected into the skin, but kidney extract has a definite enhancing power on the strain when injected into either skin or testicle. The effect of tissue extracts seems to be on the cells of the host rather than on the virus. This is indicated by the fact that virus injected intravenously localizes most readily in an area of skin previously injected with testicle extract. Furthermore an enhanced lesion results if the virus is injected into an area as long as 3 days after the area has been injected with testicle extract. The augmenting substance of the tissue extracts is little affected by high dilutions, passes through a Berkefeld V candle and is carried down with the proteins precipitated by weak acids. Rabbits with enhanced lesions show general symptoms and about 25 per cent die with generalized vaccinia. Kidney, and probably skin, brain and liver extracts possess enhancing properties, but to a much less degree than the testicle. On the other hand, spleen, blood and probably lymph nodes and bone marrow not only fail to produce enhancement, but actually restrain or even suppress entirely the vaccinal skin infection.

Lymph Nodes as a Source of Neutralizing Principle for Vaccinia

“…He found the effect of lymph node extract to be very slightly inhibitory (9). It seemed wise to make further tests under the conditions of our experiments.…”

Observations on Attempts to Produce Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Monkeys

“…In the first place, an effort was made to determine what pathological changes are induced by vaccine virus in the brains of immune, partially immune, and normal monkeys. Then it seemed advisable to ascertain whether a testicular extract, Reynals' factor (11,12), is capable of inducing vaccine virus to produce an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in monkeys. Furthermore, inasmuch as it has been stated (13,14) that repeated injections of normal brain tissues cause paralyses in rabbits, an attempt was made to determine whether inoculations of such tissues in monkeys would cause an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.…”

“…It has been shown (11,12) that testicular extracts in some manner enhance the action of vaccine virus. In view of this fact, we decided to determine whether by means of such an extract vaccine virus could be induced to cause an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in monkeys.…”

Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase-Facilitated Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Infusion in Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases

“…In 1929, Duran-Reynals described an enzymatic substance found in rabbit testes that enhanced the potency of intradermal injected virus [17]. This discovery led to the commercial development of bovine testes-derived hyaluronidase and its approval in 1948 for use as a spreading factor [18].…”