The Effect of Eye-Feedback Training on Orienting Attention in Young Adults With Sluggish Cognitive Tempo

Abstract

Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is a kind of attentional symptoms characterized by symptoms of slowness in behavior or in thinking. The aim of the present study was to develop a preliminary attention training program based on real-time eye-gaze feedback using an eye-tracker. A total of 38 participants with SCT were randomly assigned to one of following two conditions: eye-feedback (N = 19; Mean Age = 21.21; range 18-26) or control (N = 19; Mean Age = 20.68; range 18-25). The participants in the eye-feedback condition received three repeated trainings on the modified version of the Posner's spatial cueing test; we also used real-time constant eye-gaze feedback designed to lead the participants to quickly and accurately engage and to disengage, with pre-and post-measurement of eye-movements (overt attention) and the revised attention network test (ANT-R; covert attention). The participants in the control condition received three repeated same trainings without any feedback, with pre-and post-measurement of eye-movements measure and ANT-R. The results revealed that the eye-feedback group showed a greater improvement in engaging and disengaging attention through the overt attention measure than the control group. The eye-feedback group also showed a greater increase only in the orienting network related to disengaging attention in the covert attention measure compared to the control group. These results suggested that the eye-feedback can be meaningfully used in attention training to enhance the efficiency of attention in clinical settings.

The effect of feedback in virtual attention training on orienting attention in individuals with sluggish cognitive tempo

“…The task consisted of six blocks of 48 implementations, for a total of 288 implementations (~45 minutes), and the design was repeated three times. These results indicate that similar to the repeated training of SEM in previous studies (Kim et al, 2020), head movements are highly correlated with eye movements, which can produce similar effects (Bizzi et al, 1971; Daye et al, 2015; Hollands et al, 2004; Schärli et al, 2013). This training program was developed to improve the attention network, particularly the orienting network.…”

“…Using a four-point scale, participants read each question and rated the statements that best described them in the last 6 months. The Korean version of the BAARS-IV has also been used to classify people with clinically high SCT tendencies (Kim et al, 2020). In the present study, the Cronbach’s α values were .86, .88, and .86 for the subscales ADHD inattention, ADHD hyperactive-impulse, and SCT, respectively.…”

“…The ACI scale is a new self-report scale for measuring adult SCT and consists of 16 questions about recent SCT symptoms (Becker et al, 2018). The Korean version of the ACI is used to measure the severity of SCT symptoms (Kim et al, 2020) and consists of a four-point scale to self-report symptoms over the last 6 months. In the present study, Cronbach’s α was .84.…”

“…Feedback can increase cognitive and behavioral performance by reducing performance uncertainty and facilitating task learning by providing clues to correct and incorrect responses (García-Blanco et al, 2016). Attention training, which provides feedback on performance, has a higher effect than training that does not provide feedback on performance (Shipstead et al, 2010), and providing feedback on performance could greatly enhance the attentional ability of individuals with SCT symptoms (Kim et al, 2020). In other words, providing immediate and continuous feedback maintains interest in the task and improves performance by allowing students to learn the correct answer response in the task.…”

Trends in South Korean Medical Device Development for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Narrative Review (Preprint)

“…The information about this category was found in 5 articles. Two dissertations 35,36 and 3 journal articles 30,37,38 described medical devices using eye-feedback and movement intervention.…”