The effect of fasting and refeeding on thyroid follicule structure and thyroid hormone levels in young and old rats

Kmieć, Zbigniew; Kotlarz, Grazyna; Smiechowska, B; Myśliwski, Andrzej

doi:10.1016/s0167-4943(97)00040-x

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A widely documented fast-induced fall of T3 level [24,25] is in agreement with the recognized view considering thyroid hormones the stimulators of energy and intermediate metabolism. Similarly, the opposite behavior of TG, FFA and glucose concentrations is well understood based on our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the adaptation to fasting.…”

Section: Response To Fastingsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Interestingly, glucose concentration shows the opposite relations to anthropometric indices calculated for chest circumference (CWR r=-0.41, CHR r=-0.27) and for waist circumference (WHR r=0. 25). An inverse association was observed between glucose and FFA concentrations (r=-0.62, p<0.0001) that is in agreement with modern knowledge of physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying the regulation of metabolism.…”

Section: Metabolic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthropometric correlates of morning plasma cortisol level and hormonal and biochemical response to fasting in obese premenopausal women

Melnikov¹,

Kim²

2017

Integr Obesity Diabetes

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Numerous studies have established associations between hormonal parameters and body shape but they focused on the patterns of body fat distribution and, mainly, abdominal fat deposition. Based on the anthropometric features of patients with Cushing's syndrome, we hypothesized that there are somatometric predictors, other than waist-to-hip ratio, of increased cortisol production. To test this hypothesis and to identify the indicators of endocrine and metabolic responsiveness to shortterm fasting, we searched associations among 37 anthropometric traits and metabolic and hormonal parameters. An observational repeated measures study was performed on 64 moderately obese women using the partial correlation analysis. Blood glucose, serum lipids and urea concentrations, morning plasma cortisol, serum triiodthyronine (T3), thyroxin levels, and insulin activity (IRI) were examined before and after 4-and 7-day total fasting. The morning plasma cortisol level (RIA) showed the strongest correlation, independent of total fatness, with chest-hip circumference ratio (CHR) (r=0.48, p<0.005), whereas no significant association could be found with waist-hip ratio (WHR). IRI level correlated directly with WHR (r=0.47, p<0.001). The 4-day fasting significantly raised cortisol levels (+23%), free fatty acids (FFAs) (+79%), and triglyceride (TGs) (+34%) concentrations, and lowered IRI (-43%), T3 (-33%) and glucose (-27%) levels. The cortisol response to 4-day fasting tended to relate with age (r=0.25) and age-independently correlated with body height (r=-0.30) and WHR (r=-0.27). Both basal levels and fast changes in glucose and TGs concentrations correlated with age (glucose, r=0.38; TGs, r=0.24; d-glucose, r=-0.32; d-TG, r=-0.24). The relative weight loss after the 27-day weight-loss program increased with increasing basal FFAs and thyroxin levels. In conclusion, CHR was found to be a powerful predictor for morning plasma cortisol level. The relation established seems to reflect the differential sensitivity of the upper and lower body subcutaneous adipocytes to the metabolic stimuli of the hormone and/or other factors associated with glucocorticoids.level. In addition to this primary objective, there were two aims: (1) to describe anthropometric correlates for the response of endocrine variables and the patterns of protein, glucose, and lipid metabolism to short-term fasting, and (2) to verify hormonal, metabolic and somatometric predictors for the weight reduction during weight-loss program (WLP). Taking into account the sex-dependence of cortisol metabolism in obesity [18] we performed this research on obese women who were usually being investigated from the standpoint under study. Subjects and methods SubjectsThe study was undertaken on 64 Russian fertile women living in Novosibirsk city and referred to the endocrine division of the academic clinic for treatment of obesity by a WLP. The patients' free and informed consent to participate in the study was obtained. No women had signs of hirsutism, other endocrine disorders, ...

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Section: Response To Fastingsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Metabolic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric correlates of morning plasma cortisol level and hormonal and biochemical response to fasting in obese premenopausal women

Melnikov¹,

Kim²

2017

Integr Obesity Diabetes

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“…A flat epithelium is hypoactive, while a heightened epithelium is observed in glands in which the thyrotropin (TSH) pathway is stimulated (10). The use of computerized semiautomatic image analysis is more objective and used widely (13). Such morphometric analysis should be focused on one of the central sections of the thyroid (13) that is representative of the whole lobe (14).…”

Section: Recommendation 1amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of computerized semiautomatic image analysis is more objective and used widely (13). Such morphometric analysis should be focused on one of the central sections of the thyroid (13) that is representative of the whole lobe (14). The data obtained are reduced by predefined mathematical models that assume thyroid follicles have a spherical shape and follicular cells are octagons with a square base.…”

Section: Recommendation 1amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This data reduction yields the following parameters: mean follicle circumference; surface area and volume; total volume of epithelium and colloid; number of epithelial cell nuclei visible in each follicle; and the height, surface area, and volume of thyroid epithelial cell, which can be used to estimate the functional state of the thyroid gland. Thus, the activation index, expressed by the epithelial volume/colloid volume ratio, increases as the thyroid becomes more active, reflecting an increase in the epithelial volume and a decrease in the colloid volume (13). Measurement of total cell volume in cultures of primary thyrocytes or cell lines cultured in vitro can be performed using confocal laser-scanning microscopy after cells are loaded with octadecylrhodamine B (15,16).…”

Section: Recommendation 1amentioning

confidence: 99%

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American Thyroid Association Guide to Investigating Thyroid Hormone Economy and Action in Rodent and Cell Models

Bianco

Anderson

Forrest

et al. 2014

Thyroid

175

106

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Regeneration of Thyroid Glands in the Spleen Restores Homeostasis in Thyroidectomy Mice

Tian,

Yin,

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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Surgical removal of the thyroid gland (TG) for treating thyroid disorders leaves the patients on lifelong hormone replacement that partially compensates the physiological needs, but regenerating TG is challenging. Here, an approach is reported to regenerate TG within the spleen for fully restoring the thyroid's functions in mice, by transplanting thyroid tissue blocks to the spleen. Within 48 h, the transplanted tissue efficiently revascularizes, forming thyroid follicles similar to the native gland after 4 weeks. Structurally, the ectopically generated thyroid integrates with the surrounding splenic tissue while maintaining its integrity, separate from the lymphatic tissue. Functionally, it fully restores the native functions of the TG in hormone regulation in response to physiological stimuli, outperforming the established method of oral levothyroxine therapy in maintaining systemic homeostasis. The study demonstrates the full restoration of thyroid functions post‐thyroidectomy by intrasplenic TG regeneration, providing fresh insights for designing novel therapies for thyroid‐related disorders.

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The effect of fasting and refeeding on thyroid follicule structure and thyroid hormone levels in young and old rats

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Anthropometric correlates of morning plasma cortisol level and hormonal and biochemical response to fasting in obese premenopausal women

Anthropometric correlates of morning plasma cortisol level and hormonal and biochemical response to fasting in obese premenopausal women

American Thyroid Association Guide to Investigating Thyroid Hormone Economy and Action in Rodent and Cell Models

Regeneration of Thyroid Glands in the Spleen Restores Homeostasis in Thyroidectomy Mice

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