The effect of feeding change on nutrients and minerals composition of goat’s milk

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of change of feeding realised by beginning of grazing on composition of goat milk at ecological farm RD Pod Skalkou, Tvrdošín from middle April to end of June in 150 goats in different parities. For indoor feeding meadow hay (ad libitum) with grain feed and protein concentrate was used. Outdoor feeding using pasture and the same feed mixture like in indoor feeding was realised (0.2 kg crimped oat + 0.3 kg mixture of barley and corn in ratio 2:1 and 0.1 kg protein concentrate). Goats were milked twice a day using machine milking system. In all milk samples basic nutrients -according to standard laboratory methods, gross energy using Leco AC500, and minerals using CotrAA®700 were determined. Except fat, lactose, ash, all analysed parameters of goat milk were significantly (P<0.05 resp. P<0.01) affected by beginning of grazing. Concentration of Ca, P, Mg, Na and Mn was highest in goat milk fed only indoors, whereas concentration of Cu, Fe and Zn was highest on 7 th day after start of grazing. Described changes of basic nutrients, gross energy and minerals of goat milk confirm significant effect of beginning of grazing on milk composition.

Dietary Supplementation with Camelina sativa (L. Crantz) Forage in Autochthonous Ionica Goats: Effects on Milk and Caciotta Cheese Chemical, Fatty Acid Composition and Sensory Properties

“…In the present study, the chemical composition of the milk from the Ionica goats is comparable to that reported by Di Trana et al [30], who carried out a comparative study on milk chemical and fatty acid composition in four goat breeds commonly reared in South Italy regions. Our findings, in terms of milk chemical composition, fall within the range values recorded by Rolinec et al [52] in goats raised in conditions very close to ours, i.e., grazing on pasture and supplemented with a commercial pelleted feed at housing.…”

“…The distribution of short-, medium-and long-chain FA is quite different from that reported by Cossignani et al [58], especially with regards to the amount of SMCFA and SLCFA, which were 27.7% and 35.8%, respectively, in comparison with the average of 46.8% and 8.5% found in our study. The differences in the FA profile of milk may be attributable to the goat genotype, stage of lactation, feeding regimen or to individual factors [52][53][54]. SSCFA: saturated fatty acids from C4:0 to C8:0; SMCFA: saturated fatty acids from C10:0 to C17:0; SLCFA: saturated fatty acids from C18:0 to C24:0.…”

Assessment of Quality and Safety of Farm Level Produced Cheeses from Sheep and Goat Milk

“…According to Goetsch et al [2], who explained that the concentration of lactose in milk as well as the content of fat and proteins, can be affected by the months of milking. By Rolinec et al [60] an average content of lactose present in goat's milk is 4.73%. The quality of goat milk fat and also protein is an important factor because it defines the ability of milk to be processed and has a relevant role in the nutritional and sensory quality of the products obtained from it [61].…”

Microbiome Associated with Slovak Raw Goat Milk, Trace Minerals, and Vitamin E Content

“…Barlowska et al [ 5 ] and Michlová et al [ 7 ] reported seasonal effects on mineral element content in goat milk. Similarly, Pavlata et al [ 29 ] and Rolinec et al [ 30 ] reported the effect of season and lactation stage effects on Cu and Zn concentrations in goat milk. They analyzed the highest concentration of Cu, Fe, and Zn in goat milk derived from goats which were seven days on pasture.…”

“…Those mineral amounts were higher than those detected in goat milk derived from indoor feeding goats. The start of grazing of dairy goats affects the nutritive and mineral composition of goat milk [ 30 ].…”