“…Until recently, scholars have been trying to prove the existence of earnings smoothing activities (Beidleman, 1973;Boterenbrood, 2014;Khalil & Simon, 2014), figuring how (Atik, 2009;Francis et al, 2016) and when (Gassen et al, 2006;Gill de Albornoz & Alcarria, 2003) managers smooth earnings, characterizing earnings smoothing firms Bouwman, 2014;Z. Huang & Xue, 2016;Safdar & Yan, 2016;Silhan, 2014), and most importantly understanding the motivation (Goel & Thakor, 2003;Lambert, 1984;Trueman & Titman, 1988) and consequences (Houcine, 2017;Shubita, 2015;Tucker & Zarowin, 2006) of such behavior. This paper aims to review prior literatures, specifically on the role of earnings smoothing.…”