The Effect of Flavored E-cigarettes on Murine Allergic Airways Disease

Chapman, David G.; Casey, D.; Ather, Jennifer L.; Aliyeva, Minara; Daphtary, Nirav; Lahue, Karolyn G.; Velden, Jos van der; Janssen–Heininger, Yvonne M. W.; Irvin, Charles G.

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50223-y

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Similarly, exposure to other flavored e-vapors was shown to increase airway inflammation, but not when nicotine was also included. 22 Therefore, it is likely that the flavoring compounds and humectants of the e-liquids are the most detrimental aspects of using e-cigarettes. Thus, nicotine may prevent some of the adverse impacts of maternal e-vapor exposure, but this has yet to be confirmed in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E‐cigarettes damage the liver and alter nutrient metabolism in pregnant mice and their offspring

Chan

Wang

et al. 2020

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Approximately 15% of pregnant women vape electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes), exposing the fetus to a range of toxic compounds, including nicotine and by‐products of e‐cigarette liquid (e‐liquid) pyrolysis. Owing to the recent emergence of these products, research mainly focuses on immediate users, and not on in utero exposure. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the impact of intrauterine e‐cigarette vapor (e‐vapor) exposure, with and without nicotine, on liver metabolic markers in the male offspring. E‐vapor was generated using an e‐cigarette filled with tobacco‐flavored e‐liquid (18 or 0 mg/mL nicotine). Female Balb/c mice were exposed to e‐vapor for 6 weeks before mating, through gestation and lactation, without direct exposure to the offspring. Livers and plasma from dams and male offspring (13 weeks old) were examined. Exposure to nicotine‐free e‐vapor promoted metabolic changes and liver damage in both the dams and their offspring. Furthermore, exposure to nicotine‐containing e‐vapor did not cause liver damage but induced hepatic steatosis in the adult offspring. Therefore, maternal vaping is detrimental to both the dams and their offspring, with nicotine providing a potential protective effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E‐cigarettes damage the liver and alter nutrient metabolism in pregnant mice and their offspring

Chan

Wang

et al. 2020

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…In one study, mice that were challenged with house dust mite (HDM) and exposed to cinnacide-flavored e-cigarette aerosol had reduced airway inflammation and increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) whereas exposure to banana-flavored e-cigarette aerosols trended towards increased airway inflammation. In contrast, all e-cigarette aerosols containing nicotine suppressed airway inflammation but did not alter airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), suggesting that both flavors and nicotine affects the outcome of vaping on allergy [206]. However, in another study, mice challenged with ovalbumin and that were exposed intratracheally to e-liquids had increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, including eosinophils; aggravated AHR; and induced the secretion of the TH2 cytokine IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 [207].…”

Section: Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalation Toxicology of Vaping Products and Implications for Pulmonary Health

Traboulsi

Cherian

Rjeili

et al. 2020

IJMS

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E-cigarettes have a liquid that may contain flavors, solvents, and nicotine. Heating this liquid generates an aerosol that is inhaled into the lungs in a process commonly referred to as vaping. E-cigarette devices can also contain cannabis-based products including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis (marijuana). E-cigarette use has rapidly increased among current and former smokers as well as youth who have never smoked. The long-term health effects are unknown, and emerging preclinical and clinical studies suggest that e-cigarettes may not be harmless and can cause cellular alterations analogous to traditional tobacco smoke. Here, we review the historical context and the components of e-cigarettes and discuss toxicological similarities and differences between cigarette smoke and e-cigarette aerosol, with specific reference to adverse respiratory outcomes. Finally, we outline possible clinical disorders associated with vaping on pulmonary health and the recent escalation of acute lung injuries, which led to the declaration of the vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) outbreak. It is clear there is much about vaping that is not understood. Consequently, until more is known about the health effects of vaping, individual factors that need to be taken into consideration include age, current and prior use of combustible tobacco products, and whether the user has preexisting lung conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

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“…E-cig users exposed to these harmful organic and inorganic compounds (including metals) are expected to be more susceptible to develop cancer than nonusers [16]. Furthermore, these chemical compounds in e-cigs may pose a risk of asthma [17, 18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic biomarkers in electronic cigarette users: implications for noninvasive assessment of vaping-associated pulmonary injuries

et al. 2019

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BackgroundElectronic cigarettes (e-cigs) were introduced as electronic nicotine delivery systems, and have become very popular in the USA and globally. There is a paucity of data on systemic injury biomarkers of vaping in e-cig users that can be used as a noninvasive assessment of vaping-associated lung injuries. We hypothesised that characterisation of systemic biomarkers of inflammation, anti-inflammatory, oxidative stress, vascular and lipid mediators, growth factors, and extracellular matrix breakdown may provide information regarding the toxicity of vaping in e-cig users.MethodsWe collected various biological fluids, i.e. plasma, urine, saliva and exhaled breath condensate (EBC), measured pulmonary function and vaping characteristics, and assessed various biomarkers in e-cig users and nonusers.ResultsThe plasma samples of e-cig users showed a significant increase in biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-γ, matrix metalloproteinase-9, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1) and extracellular matrix breakdown (desmosine), and decreased pro-resolving lipid mediators (resolvin D1 and resolvin D2). There was a significant increase in growth factor (endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, β-nerve growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-AA, stem cell factor, hepatocyte growth factor and placental growth factor) levels in plasma of e-cig users versus nonusers. E-cig users showed a significant increase in levels of inflammatory biomarker IFN-γ, oxidative stress biomarker 8-isoprostane and oxidative DNA damage biomarker 8-oxo-dG in urine samples, and of inflammatory biomarker IL-1β in saliva samples. EBC showed a slight increase in levels of triglycerides and 8-isoprostane in e-cig users compared with normal nonusers.ConclusionE-cig users have increased levels of biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, reduced pro-resolving anti-inflammatory mediators, and endothelial dysfunction, which may act as risk factors for increasing susceptibility to systemic diseases. The identified noninvasive biomarkers can be used for determining e-cig vaping-associated lung injuries, and for regulatory and diagnostic aspects of vaping in humans.

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The Effect of Flavored E-cigarettes on Murine Allergic Airways Disease

Cited by 50 publications

References 56 publications

E‐cigarettes damage the liver and alter nutrient metabolism in pregnant mice and their offspring

E‐cigarettes damage the liver and alter nutrient metabolism in pregnant mice and their offspring

Inhalation Toxicology of Vaping Products and Implications for Pulmonary Health

Systemic biomarkers in electronic cigarette users: implications for noninvasive assessment of vaping-associated pulmonary injuries

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