The effect of fluoride iontophoresis on seal ability of self-etch adhesive in human dentin in vitro

Abstract

Background Fluoride iontophoresis (FI) is a non-invasive method for the transfer of fluoride ions under electrical pressure into dental hard tissue. This study aimed to determine the effect of FI on the seal ability of self-etch adhesive in human dentin using dentin permeability test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods The experiments were divided into 2 series: series 1 was performed on 28 extracted intact third molars and series 2 was performed on 28 extracted carious third molars (ICDAS 4 and 5). In each series, 20 teeth were used for dentin permeability test and 8 teeth were used for SEM study. For dentin permeability test, the specimens were divided into dentin without FI (control) and dentin with FI (experimental) subgroups. Hydraulic conductance (HD) of dentin was measured before and after adhesive treatment, and calculated for the percentage decrease of HD in each subgroup. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey test were used for statistical analysis. SEM study was used to assess the seal ability of self-etch adhesive and penetration of fluoride ions into dentinal tubules. Results HD after self-etch adhesive treatment reduced by 57.75 ± 17.99% in intact dentin with FI, 46.60 ± 17.03% in intact dentin without FI, 45.00 ± 15.30% in caries affected dentin without FI, and 37.28 ± 14.72% in caries affected dentin with FI. There was no significant difference in percentage decrease of HD between dentin without FI and dentin with FI (P = 0.742); meanwhile, intact dentin with FI had significant greater percentage decrease than caries affected dentin with FI (P < 0.05). SEM findings showed FI produced more particle formation and deeper precipitation in intact dentin than those in caries affected dentin. Conclusions FI did not affect the seal ability of self-etch adhesive in human dentin when compared to without FI. However, FI could augment the seal ability of the self-etch adhesive in intact dentin better than that in caries affected dentin.

The effect of iontophoresis delivery of fluoride in stannous fluoride desensitizing toothpaste on dentin permeability in human extracted teeth

“…Recently, Kijsamanmith et al 30 demonstrated that fluoride iontophoresis with a neutral 2% sodium fluoride solution had no negative effect on the seal ability of self-etch adhesive in human dentin, when compared to without fluoride iontophoresis. Also, it could improve the seal ability of the self-etch adhesive in intact dentin better than that in caries affected dentin.…”

“…After that, 26 specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups; Group 1: SnF 2 without-iontophoresis ( n = 10), 0.429% SnF 2 toothpaste (1040 ppm; GSK group of companies, UK) was applied on a moist occlusal dentin surface and agitated with an applicator brush for 1 min and left undisturbed for 4 min. Group 2: SnF 2 with-iontophoresis ( n = 10), occlusal dentin surface was applied with SnF 2 toothpaste and treated with cathode iontophoresis using an iontophoresis device (DENTAPHOR™-II MODEL 6111D, Life-Tech Inc ® , USA) at electrical current 0.5 mA for 5 min 30 . Group 3: no SnF 2 without-iontophoresis ( n = 3), distilled water was applied on a moist occlusal dentin surface and agitated with an applicator brush for 1 min and left undisturbed for 4 min.…”

“…Group 2: SnF 2 with-iontophoresis ( n = 10), occlusal dentin surface was applied with SnF 2 toothpaste and treated with cathode iontophoresis using an iontophoresis device (DENTAPHOR™-II MODEL 6111D, Life-Tech Inc ® , USA) at electrical current 0.5 mA for 5 min 30 .…”

Intraoral medical devices for sustained drug delivery

“…Some drugs, e.g., lignocaine or sodium fluoride, are already administered by iontophoresis to patients effectively. Others like dexamethasone, 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, lidocaine, nicotine, ondansetron, metronidazole, acyclovir, amikacin, gentamicin sulfate, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, ketoconazole, fentanyl hydrochloride, diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, and potassium iodide are under in vitro investigations or undergoing animal studies and have shown potential for applying them for delivery them [ 40 , 42 , 43 , 67 , 86 , 87 ]. To facilitate the iontophoretic transport of ions into the enamel, two devices were developed: Fluorinex® (for sodium fluoride) and “electrically accelerated and enhanced remineralization” (EAER®) [ 30 , 56 , 66 ].…”

Evaluation of Propolis Hydrogel for the Treatment of Dentinal Sensitivity: A Clinical Study

“…It is used in dentistry to create an electro-analgetic impact; it facilitates the ionic movement of the desensitizing material from a high concentration to a low concentration within the dentinal tubules with the help of an electric current, and it blocks the dentinal tubules [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Fluoridated desensitizers are the most frequently used desensitizers when treating DH with iontophoresis [ 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”