The Effect of Fly Ash On Brick Aggregate Concrete

Mechanical properties and microstructure of brick aggregate concrete with raw fly ash as a partial replacement of cement

“…The cement sector, a substantial contributor, stands responsible for 7% of total global CO 2 emissions [ 5 ], emits approximately 0.5–0.9 kg of CO 2 per kg of cement production, leading to annual emissions of around 3.24 billion tonnes and this trend will continue until 2050 [ 6 ]. As a consequence, a number of researchers [ [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] ] utilized FA in concrete in order to reduce cement content. This step reduces both energy consumption and CO 2 emissions from the production of cement.…”

“…Although many attempts have been made to use FA in stone aggregate concrete [ [9] , [10] , [11] , 15 , 21 ], none of these researchers considered crushed brick as coarse aggregate including raw FA. However, a great number of researchers [ 16 , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ] have studied the properties of brick aggregate concrete (BAC), but, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, only a few researchers [ 7 ] used FA as a partial replacement of cement in concrete, which was made of 50% crushed brick plus 50% stone chips as coarse aggregate. However, these researches [ 7 , [9] , [10] , [11] , 15 , 16 , 21 , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ] have not investigated concrete using raw FA as a partial replacement of cement with 100% brick chips as coarse aggregate.…”

“…However, a great number of researchers [ 16 , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ] have studied the properties of brick aggregate concrete (BAC), but, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, only a few researchers [ 7 ] used FA as a partial replacement of cement in concrete, which was made of 50% crushed brick plus 50% stone chips as coarse aggregate. However, these researches [ 7 , [9] , [10] , [11] , 15 , 16 , 21 , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ] have not investigated concrete using raw FA as a partial replacement of cement with 100% brick chips as coarse aggregate. In addition, none of these studies [ 7 , [9] , [10] , [11] , 15 , 16 , 21 , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ] have assessed the relationship between compressive strength and other mechanical properties (such as split tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity) of BAC containing raw FA as a partial replacement of cement at a constant mix proportion of 1:1.5:3 (cement : fine aggregate : coarse aggregate) and a water-to-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.50.…”

“…However, these researches [ 7 , [9] , [10] , [11] , 15 , 16 , 21 , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ] have not investigated concrete using raw FA as a partial replacement of cement with 100% brick chips as coarse aggregate. In addition, none of these studies [ 7 , [9] , [10] , [11] , 15 , 16 , 21 , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ] have assessed the relationship between compressive strength and other mechanical properties (such as split tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity) of BAC containing raw FA as a partial replacement of cement at a constant mix proportion of 1:1.5:3 (cement : fine aggregate : coarse aggregate) and a water-to-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.50. Addressing the above-mentioned research gaps, this study investigated the mechanical properties and microstructure of FBAC (raw FA based BAC).…”