The effect of foliar nutrition of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) with magnesium salts and urea on gas exchange, leaf yield and quality

Abstract

A b s t r a c tIn a pot experiment conducted in a phytotron, the effectiveness of foliar nutrition of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) with different magnesium salts with and without the addition of 0.5% CO(NH 2 ) 2 was studied. Magnesium was applied 3 times in the form of solutions of MgSO 4 x 7H 2 O, Mg(NO 3 ) 2 x 6H 2 O, MgCl 2 x 6H 2 O, C 4 H 6 O 4 Mg x 4H 2 O, compared to water as the control treatment. The obtained results showed that foliar feeding of spinach with inorganic magnesium salts was an efficient method for supplementing the Mg level in plants during the growing period. But the application of a metalo-organic complex in the form of magnesium acetate (C 4 H 6 O 4 Mg x 4H 2 O) at a concentration of 1.7%, in spite of a similar effect on leaf Mg content, induced phytotoxic symptoms in the form of chlorotic and necrotic spots on the leaves. The application of the solutions of inorganic magnesium salts had a significant effect, resulting in more intensive leaf gas exchange (stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis) and an increase in leaf yield. Magnesium sulphate affected the abovementioned processes in the most effective way, while magnesium acetate had a negative impact. Foliar feeding of spinach with the magnesium salts resulted in an increased leaf content of protein, chlorophyll, carotenoids, nitrates and proline, but a decrease in vitamin C content. The addition of urea to the applied magnesium salt solutions increased the plant gas exchange rates and the leaf content of protein, chlorophyll, carotenoids, nitrates and proline, but it decreased the content of vitamin C, potassium and magnesium.

Effect of organic compost and inorganic nitrogen fertigation on spinach growth, phytochemical accumulation and antioxidant activity

“…Total chlorophyll ranged from an average of 54.35-66.74 mg/100 g FW (Table 4), these values were lower than those reported by Borowski and Michalek (2010) (100-243 mg/100 g FW) while they were within the range of those reported by Xu and Mou (2016).…”

Sweet basil essential oil composition: relationship between cultivar, foliar feeding with nitrogen and oil content

“…The effect of applying foliar feeding of plants with nitrogen can be their faster growth and, most importantly, higher yield (40,41). Under the influence of urea application, changes occur in the chemical composition of plant: usually the concentrations of nitrogen, protein and nitrates increase, and other components to a smaller or greater extent undergo characteristic biochemical transformations (47). In the conducted studies, no significant effect of urea application upon the accumulation of essential oil by basil plants was found, but there were changes in the concentrations of certain compounds, firstly those predominating in basil oil.…”

Magnesium Fertilization Affected Rice Yields in Magnesium Sufficient Soil in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China

“…The roles of foliar application of Mg in alleviating Mg deficiency, improving crop yields and quality attributes have been reported for tea, maize, and wheat (Obatolu, 1999 ; Dordas, 2009 ; Ceylan et al, 2016 ; Wolf et al, 2019 ). There were also reports that foliar application of MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O with a level range of 1–5% was commonly practiced to alleviate metabolic disorders and to improve grain yields and quality in many crops (Borowski and Michałek, 2010 ; Rehman et al, 2018 ). In this research, foliar Mg application increased rice yields by 7.94% ( P < 0.05) at four sites under high soil ex-Mg conditions, and the incremental yield was mainly due to the increase in 1,000-grain weight and spikelet number per panicle.…”