The Effect of Freeze-Dried Blueberries on N-Nitrosomethylbenzylamine Tumorigenesis in the Rat Esophagus

Aziz, Robeena; Nines, Ron; Rodrigo, Kapila A.; Harris, Keith M.; Hudson, Tamaro; Gupta, Ashok; Morse, Mark A.; Carlton, Peter S.; Stoner, Gary D.

doi:10.1076/phbi.40.7.43.9174

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This is further confirmed by the moderate effects of both blueberry and strawberry diets on total DNA damage. Indeed 5% strawberries were more effective than 400 ppm ellagic acid in reducing NMBA-induced esophageal tumors suggesting improved bioavailability from a natural source [33, 34] and blueberries, which contain the least ellagic acid were ineffective against the same [35]. Alternatively berries also contain varying levels of anthocyanins that are known antioxidants [31, 36], which may also account for their effectiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Berries and Ellagic Acid Prevent Oxidative DNA Damage and Modulate Expression of DNA Repair Genes

Aiyer

Vadhanam

Stoyanova

et al. 2008

IJMS

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DNA damage is a pre-requisite for the initiation of cancer and agents that reduce this damage are useful in cancer prevention. In this study, we evaluated the ability of whole berries and berry phytochemical, ellagic acid to reduce endogenous oxidative DNA damage. Ellagic acid was selected based on >95% inhibition of 8-oxodeoxyguosine (8-oxodG) and other unidentified oxidative DNA adducts induced by 4-hydroxy-17ß-estradiol and CuCl 2 in vitro. Inhibition of the latter occurred at lower concentrations (10 µM) than that for 8-oxodG (100 µM). In the in vivo study, female CD-1 mice (n=6) were fed either a control diet or diet supplemented with ellagic acid (400 ppm) and dehydrated berries (5% w/w) with varying ellagic acid contents -blueberry (low), strawberry (medium) and red raspberry (high), for 3 weeks. Blueberry and strawberry diets showed moderate reductions in endogenous DNA adducts (25%). However, both red raspberry and ellagic acid diets showed a significant reduction of 59% (p <0.001) and 48% (p < 0.01), respectively. Both diets also resulted in a 3-8 fold over-expression of genes involved in DNA repair such as xeroderma pigmentosum group A complementing protein (XPA), DNA excision repair protein (ERCC5) and DNA ligase III (DNL3). These results suggest that red raspberry and Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2008, 9 328 ellagic acid reduce endogenous oxidative DNA damage by mechanisms which may involve increase in DNA repair.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Berries and Ellagic Acid Prevent Oxidative DNA Damage and Modulate Expression of DNA Repair Genes

Aiyer

Vadhanam

Stoyanova

et al. 2008

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, inclusion of freeze dried black raspberries and strawberries [128] in the diets of rats given a tumour initiator resulted in decreased progression, incidence and multiplicity of oesophageal tumours. However, similar effects were not observed with blueberries [129]. A human intervention study did find that after 5 weeks consumption of berry juice (aronia, blueberry and boysenberry), there was a decrease in oxidised DNA bases in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [81] although whether this implies a decrease in risk of developing cancer is uncertain.…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 95%

Potential Health Benefits of Berries

Beattie¹,

Crozier²,

Duthie³

2005

CNF

214

148

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Fruit and vegetable consumption is inversely related to the incidence of heart disease and several cancers. However, many people in countries in Northern latitudes do not eat the recommended "5-a-day" of fruit and vegetables. For such populations, a potentially important source of fruit may be locally grown soft fruits (eg. raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, blackcurrants). Such berries contain micronutrients such as vitamin C and folic acid which are essential for health. However, berries may have additional health benefits as they are also rich in phytochemicals such as anthocyanins which are glycosidic-linked flavonoids responsible for their red, violet, purple and blue colours. In vitro studies indicate that anthocyanins and other polyphenols in berries have a range of potential anti-cancer and heart disease properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cell regulatory effects. Such experimental data has lead to numerous health claims on the internet implying that "berries are edible superstars that may protect against heart disease, cancers and ageing". However, the bioavailabilty of polyphenols such as anthocyanins would appear to be limited, thus compromising their nutritional relevance. Consequently the aim of the article is to assess the current scientific evidence for claims that berries may have additional health benefits to those normally associated with consuming fruit and vegetables.

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“…However, no protective effect was observed when extract from blueberries, one of the most widely consumed berries in the American diet, was fed to the animals prior to and during exposure to the same chemical carcinogen. DNA damage (alkylated DNA adducts) measured in the tumours, tumour incidence, multiplicity and size were all unaffected by pre-and cotreatment with blueberry extract, suggesting that blueberries, despite having a higher antioxidant activity than strawberries and several other berry species, lack one or more cytoprotective phytochemicals present in other berry types that inhibit chemically-induced cancer in this model [21]. One way in which blueberries differ from strawberries and black raspberries is that they do not contain equivalent quantities of ellagic acid, which is able to reduce alkylation damage in esophageal DNA from NMBA-treated rats [22].…”

Section: In Vivomentioning

confidence: 87%

Berry phytochemicals, genomic stability and cancer: Evidence for chemoprotection at several stages in the carcinogenic process

Duthie¹

2007

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

160

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Consumption of a diet high in plant-based foods is associated with a decreased risk of epithelial cell cancers at several sites. Cytoprotectants in fruits and vegetables include vitamins, minerals and numerous micronutrients. While there is little evidence uniquely linking berry consumption with lower cancer risk, berries contain high levels of compounds believed to reduce malignant transformation, including the polyphenol flavonoids and anthocyanins. There is strong and convincing evidence that berry extracts and berry phytochemicals modulate biomarkers of DNA damage and indicators of malignant transformation in vitro and in vivo. Data from numerous cell culture and animal models indicate that berry components such as the anthocyanins are potent anticarcinogenic agents and are protective against genomic instability at several sites in the carcinogenic pathway. Anticarcinogenic mechanisms include modulation of carcinogen activation and detoxification, decreased DNA binding of the carcinogen, inhibition of oxidative DNA damage, alteration in cell signalling and malignant transformation and inhibition of cell invasiveness and metastasis. Exactly which berry constituents are cytoprotective remains uncertain and in the majority of in vitro and in vivo studies the concentration of extract or phytochemical employed is non-nutritional. Evidence for an anticarcinogenic effect in human studies is weak.

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The Effect of Freeze-Dried Blueberries on N-Nitrosomethylbenzylamine Tumorigenesis in the Rat Esophagus

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Dietary Berries and Ellagic Acid Prevent Oxidative DNA Damage and Modulate Expression of DNA Repair Genes

Dietary Berries and Ellagic Acid Prevent Oxidative DNA Damage and Modulate Expression of DNA Repair Genes

Potential Health Benefits of Berries

Berry phytochemicals, genomic stability and cancer: Evidence for chemoprotection at several stages in the carcinogenic process

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