The Effect of Gamma Co 60 Radiation on Soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr) Shade Tolerants

Abstract

Soybean is one of important national commodities for food and industry. Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves that have very strong penetrating power. One of the sources of gamma rays is from 60Co. With its strong penetration power, gamma rays can be used in plant breeding to create new genetic diversity in order to develop high-yielding varieties. Irradiation of gamma rays at 300 Gy dose on Denna 2 variety soybean was conducted, then it was planted as M1 plant and later continued to be planted as M2. In M2 generation, mutant lines was selected based on early maturity, better than of the parent variety.The criteria used was harvest age between 75-81 days, the plants should look robust and strong stems. Harvesting days of parent varieties (Denna 2) was 81 days, while the mutant strains obtained were between 75-81 days. Likewise, for the plant height, the parent variety was 42.30 cm, whereas mutant lines of 38,56 cm in average, making it more resistant to logging. The average pods for parent was 36.37 pods and mutant lines of 55.24 pods. In selected shade tolerant soybean of the M3 generation early aged mutan lines shade tolerant days, of the parent variety Denna 2 days.

Effect of gamma irradiation on the germination, pollen viability, and morpho-agronomic of Pachyrhizus erosus cv. Kota Padang

“…The extent of genetic change can be observed in the M2 generation. The increased variability due to gamma irradiation has been reported by some researchers in soybean M2 generation (Addai and Safo-Kantanka 2006;Mudibu et al 2012;Addai 2019;Harsanti et al 2020). The correlation measures the extent to which the same gen or closely linked genes causes simultaneous variation in two different traits (Falconer 1989).…”

“…Induced mutation using physical mutagens is one method to create genetic variation and develop new cultivars with better characteristic traits. Gamma-ray is the primary physical mutagen to induce favorable mutations at high frequency, depending on plant species (Denissen and Den Nijs 1987), varieties (Addai and Safo-Kantanka 2006;Tshilenge-Lukanda et al 2013;Muhammad et al 2021), and dose of irradiation (Ji-Min et al 2011;Tshilenge-Lukanda et al 2013;Harsanti et al 2020). Most mutant varieties released were developed using gamma irradiation (Ahloowalia et al 2004;IAEA Mutant Variety Database 2021;Nilahayati et al 2022).…”

Agronomic diversity of several soybean putative mutant lines resulting from gamma-rays irradiation in M6 generation

“…Mutation induction with gamma rays is commonly used to obtain genetic diversity in cultivated plants, especially soybeans. Several researchers have previously used gamma-rays on various soybean genotypes, including Sohag, BARI Soybean-5, Bangladesh Soybean-4, and BAU-S/64, for genetic improvement of yield attributes (Malek et al 2014), soybean line VX04-6828 for better agronomic performance and seeds composition (Nobre et al 2019), Anjasari soybean for high seed yield and large seed size (Mawarni et al 2019;Yoel and Rachmadi 2020), Korean cultivars Danbaek and Daepung for highest linolenic acid contents (Hong et al 2019), Kipas Putih soybeans for early maturity and high yields (Nilahayati et al 2016;Nilahayati et al 2019), Denna 2 variety for shadetolerant (Harsanti et al 2020) and induction of genetic diversity of soybean genotypes PGRI-15, KY EXOTIC, NARC-, AJMERI-2, AJMER-I (Hussain et al 2020).…”