The Effect of Gender, Age, and Lateral Dominance on Arch Height and Arch Stiffness

Zifchock, Rebecca; Davis, Irene; Hillstrom, Howard J.; Song, Jinsup

doi:10.1177/107110070602700509

Cited by 153 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…6 This finding is useful where generalizations of foot structure are warranted. However, the results of this study also demonstrate that there was a distribution of arch flexibility types among the arch height types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relationship Between Arch Height and Arch Flexibility

Zifchock

Theriot

Hillstrom

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association

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Background: The correlation between arch structure and injury may be related to the fact that foot structure influences foot function. Foot structure is often defined by arch height, although arch flexibility may be just as important to form a more complete description. We propose an arch flexibility classification system, analogous to arch height classification, and then use the classification system to examine the relationship between arch flexibility and arch height. Methods: Arch height index was calculated in 1,124 incoming military cadets, of whom 1,056 had usable data. By measuring arch height during both sitting and standing, a measurement of arch flexibility could also be calculated. These values were used to create five arch flexibility categories: very stiff, stiff, neutral, flexible, and very flexible. The distribution of arch flexibility types among arch height categories was statistically compared. Results: The goodness of fit test showed a disproportionate number of each arch flexibility type in each of the arch height categories (P < .01). The largest proportion of cavus feet was very stiff and the smallest proportion was very flexible. Conversely, the largest proportion of planus feet was very flexible and the smallest proportion was very stiff. Conclusions: The results of this research support the common belief that cavus feet tend to be very stiff and planus feet tend to be very flexible.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 A clearer understanding of the strength of the relationship between these two structural measures can support the development of appropriate clinical treatment of foot abnormalities. It may also better describe the spectrum of foot structure so as to strengthen the predictability of foot function by structure.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Arch Height and Arch Flexibility

Zifchock

Theriot

Hillstrom

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association

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“…According to Zifchock (2006), understanding the differences in arch structure may bring an insight into the prediction for injuries between genders, age, and between sides of a given subject [10]. The knowledge about foot problems related with the foot arch is important in helping to design proper footwear that prevents or helps to release pain and disorders on the feet and lower limbs [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot Arch Differences in Elderly People at Standing: Considering Gender and Age

Bertani¹,

Soares²,

Rocha³

et al. 2017

J Nov Physiother Rehabil

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Background:The foot is an important and complex structure that provides support, balance and propulsion to locomotion, thus, its proper care can help to have a better life quality avoiding pain. The medial longitudinal arch is an important structure that is related to injury risks when it shows some impairment. The purpose of this study was to characterize the foot arch index in people in relation to age and gender. Methods:The sample was composed of a total of 122 subjects, 79 healthy young subjects (40 women and 39 men) and 43 healthy elderly subjects (32 women and 11 men). Ten seconds of standing barefoot plantar pressure was measure through Tekscan F-Scan device, and the data processing, fi ltering, and arch index (AI) calculation were performed using MATLAB™ 7.0. Findings:The elderly group presented a lower arch (AI-0.23) than the young group (AI-0.13) (p=0.000); young female and male groups show similar AI, while the elderly female group showed lower arch (AI-0.23) than the elderly male group (AI-0.18) (p=0.033). Interpretation:The foot arch has a trend to be lower with aging, and even lower within elderly female subjects, probably due to some decrease within plantar muscle's stiffness, that in turn may be related to lower physical activity and footwear choices.

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“…26 In ag re e ment with the re sults of our study, Zifc hock et al de ter mi ned no sig ni fi cant dif fe ren ce bet we en pre fer red and nonpre fer red si de in terms of arch he ight and ri gi dity. 27 Ri gi dity was sig ni fi cantly gre a ter in sub jects with a high na vi cu lar drop. 27 Pang et al com pa red pre fer red and non-prefer red si de Ac hil les ten don per for man ce and thickness and their results sup port ours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 Ri gi dity was sig ni fi cantly gre a ter in sub jects with a high na vi cu lar drop. 27 Pang et al com pa red pre fer red and non-prefer red si de Ac hil les ten don per for man ce and thickness and their results sup port ours. They de ter mi ned that pre fe ren ce had no ef fect on Ac hilles ten don thick ness and per for man ce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Extremity Preferences and Medial Longitudinal Arch Collapse and Movements of the Ankle and Hallux

Uluutku¹,

Erden²

2011

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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A AB BS S TTR RA AC CT T O Ob b j je ec c t ti i v ve e: : The aim of this study was in ves ti ga te the ef fect of he misp he re pre fe ren ce on medi al lon gi tu di nal arch col lap se le vel and ran ge of mo ti on of ank le and hal lux ex ten si on in both lo wer extre mi ti es and to de ter mi ne whet her the re was a dif fe ren ce bet we en the lo wer ex tre mi ti es. M Ma a t te e r ri i a al l a an nd d M Me et t h ho od ds s: : The study was per for med on 142 uni ver sity stu dents (ma le 77, fe ma le 65) aged bet we en 18-27 (20.42 ± 1.441) ye ars who ag re ed to par ti ci pa te. Par ti ci pants comp le ted two qu es ti on nai res qu es ti o ning in di vi du al cha rac te ris tics, and hand and fo ot pre fe ren ces. Dor sif le xi on and plan tar flexi on of both ank les and ex ten si on of both hal lu ces we re me a su red using a uni ver sal go ni o me ter, and na vi cu lar drop (ND) in both fe et using the "na vi cu lar drop test." R Re e s su ut ts s: : No sta tis ti cally sig ni fi cant diffe ren ces we re de ter mi ned bet we en pre fer red and non-pre fer red si des in terms of plan tar fle xi on of the ank le (PFA) and ex ten si on of the hal lux (EH) (p> 0.05). Ho we ver, the dif fe ren ce bet we en pre fer red and non-pre fer red si des for dor sif le xi on of the ank le (DFA) was sig ni fi cant in ma les and in the entire gro up. In ad di ti on, the dif fe ren ce in ND bet we en pre fer red and non-pre fer red si des was al so sig ni fi cant. Sta tisti cally sig ni fi cant po si ti ve and ne ga ti ve cor re la ti ons we re de ter mi ned bet we en pre fer red and non-prefer red si de me a su re ments. C Co on nc c l lu u s si i o on n: : Alt ho ugh the re was no sig ni fi cant dif fe ren ce bet we en the si des in any of the me a su re ments among fe ma les, the dif fe ren ces in DFA va lu es in ma les and in the entire group, and ND va lu es in the entire gro up bet we en pre fer red and non-pre fe red si des we re sig ni fi cant. This sug ges ted that he misp he re la te ra li za ti on co uld be inf lu en ti al in the ex tre mi ti es. The data obtained in this study could not explain the extremity preferences. However, they suggested that extremity preference was not based on the functional differences and it did not cause any difference in the function. K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Hallux; ankle; lower extremity Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Bu ça lış ma da he mis fer ter ci hi nin her iki alt eks tre mi te de ki me di yal lon gi tu di nal ark çök -me mik ta rı na, ayak bi le ği ek lem ha re ket açık lı ğı na ve ayak baş par ma ğı eks tan si o nu na et ki si ni ve alt eks tre mi te ler ara sın da fark oluş tu rup oluş tur ma dı ğı nı in ce le me yi amaç lan mış tır. G Ge e r re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön n t te em m l le er r: : Bu ça lış ma; ka tıl ma yı ka bul eden 18-27 (20,42 ± 1.441) yaş ara sı 142 üni ver si te öğ ren ci si (er kek 77, ka dın 65) ile ya pıl mış tır. Ka tı lım cı la rın ki şi sel özel lik le ri ve el ile ayak ter cih le ri nin sor gu lan dı ğı iki ay rı anket for mu nu ta mam...

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The Effect of Gender, Age, and Lateral Dominance on Arch Height and Arch Stiffness

Abstract: Understanding differences in arch structure may lend insight into the predilection for injury between genders, with increasing age, and between sides of a given subject.

Cited by 153 publications

References 24 publications

The Relationship Between Arch Height and Arch Flexibility

The Relationship Between Arch Height and Arch Flexibility

Foot Arch Differences in Elderly People at Standing: Considering Gender and Age

The Relationship Between Extremity Preferences and Medial Longitudinal Arch Collapse and Movements of the Ankle and Hallux

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