The effect of glucocorticoids on bone and muscle

Klein, Gordon L.

doi:10.1016/j.afos.2015.07.008

Cited by 86 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Prolonged effects of elevated glucocorticoids may also increase the likelihood of mortality as they have been shown to: 1) reduce body mass through protein catabolism and/or reduced food intake (De Vos et al 1995, Schmitz et al 1997, Klein 2015, Osborne 2015; and 2) increase myopathy (Gupta and Gupta 2013). Persistently elevated glucocorticoids can also have immunosuppressing effects (Dhabhar andMcewen 1997, French et al 2010), leaving individuals vulnerable to disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear and lethality in snowshoe hares: the deadly effects of non‐consumptive predation risk

MacLeod

Krebs

Boonstra

et al. 2017

Oikos

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Predators play a critical, top–down role in shaping ecosystems, driving prey population and community dynamics. Traditionally, studies of predator‐prey interactions have focused on direct effects of predators, namely the killing of prey. More recently, the non‐consumptive effects of predation risk are being appreciated; e.g. the ‘ecology of fear’. Prey responses to predation risk can be morphological, behavioural, and physiological, and are assumed to come at a cost to prey fitness. However, few studies have examined the relationship between predation risk and survival in wild animals. We tested the hypothesis that predation risk itself could reduce survival in wild‐caught snowshoe hares. We exposed female snowshoe hares to a simulated predator (a trained dog) during gestation only, and measured adult survival and, in surviving females, their ability to successfully wean offspring. We show for the first time in a wild mammal that the risk of predation can itself be lethal. Predation risk reduced adult female survival by 30%, and had trans‐generational effects, reducing offspring survival to weaning by over 85% – even though the period of risk ended at birth. As a consequence of these effects the predator‐exposed group experienced a decrease in number, while the control group substantially increased. Challenges remain in determining the importance of risk‐induced mortality in natural field settings; however, our findings show that non‐lethal predator encounters can influence survival of both adults and offspring. Future work is needed to test these effects in free‐living animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear and lethality in snowshoe hares: the deadly effects of non‐consumptive predation risk

MacLeod

Krebs

Boonstra

et al. 2017

Oikos

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“…The selection of covariates was made a priori according to expert opinion and previous literature, namely age 37,38 , sex 38 , C-reactive protein 39,40 , diabetes mellitus 41,42 , dialysis vintage 42 , time after transplant, hemoglobin 43 , and eGFR 31 . Long-term use of immunosuppressive agents including steroids and calcineurin inhibitors has a negative effect on the muscles of kidney transplant recipients 44,45 . Optimism assesses the magnitude of overfitting of logistic regression model (a value less than 0.2 is considered as good), and was calculated using C-statistics by 150 times of bootstrap sampling.…”

Section: Sarcopenia Diagnosis Sarcopenia Was Diagnosed By Low Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Association of sarcopenia with phase angle and body mass index in kidney transplant recipients

Kosoku

Uchida

Nishide

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Malnutrition is an important risk factor for the development of sarcopenia. Recently, phase angle (phA) obtained from the bioelectrical impedance analysis is increasingly becoming known as a nutritional status marker and may be considered a good indicator to identify elderly patients at risk of sarcopenia. in this study, we investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia and the relationship between sarcopenia and phA or body mass index (BMi) as nutritional factors, and evaluated the discrimination performance of these nutritional factors for sarcopenia in 210 kidney transplant recipients. The median age was 55 years and 11.1% had sarcopenia. This prevalence of sarcopenia was lower than previous reports in kidney transplant recipients, maybe because of the differences in sarcopenia definitions and population demographics such as age, sex, race, and comorbidities. Both phA and BMi were negatively correlated with sarcopenia after adjusting for age, sex, dialysis vintage, time after transplant, presence of diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and the other nutritional factor. The discrimination performance for phA and BMi had enough power to detect sarcopenia. these results suggest that phA and BMi can be used in clinical practice to predict sarcopenia in kidney transplant patients.

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“…Glucocorticoids are associated with peripheral muscle wasting, which is thought to be related to complex mechanisms that include oxidative damage, stimulation of inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of muscle satellite or stem cell populations. 32 Our study also included a patient with longstanding s-IBM who presented with proximal weakness with normal muscle enzymes and muscle US findings were interesting. In this case, a mixture pattern of inflammation in right biceps brachii and atrophy in the proximal lower limb was found, especially in vasti muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of ultrasonography in assessing disease activity in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

et al. 2017

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Aim: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) comprise a group of rare and heterogeneous diseases difficult to diagnose and follow up. Precise measures for assessing disease activity are not available at the moment. Our objective was to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonography (US) as a monitoring tool in IIM. Method:The study evaluated IIM patients diagnosed and followed up from 2005 to 2015 in our department. Fifteen patients with a mean age of 52.2 AE 22.09 years and mean disease duration of 4.6 AE 3.20 years were included. Physical examination including muscle strength tests, laboratorial analysis and a selective muscle US assessment were performed for each patient at a scheduled visit.Results: Nine of the 15 patients were in clinical remission and US assessment revealed a preserved muscle pattern. Symmetrical proximal muscle atrophy was found on US in one patient with longstanding polymyositis (PM) with proximal weakness. Inflammation and focal or generalized muscle edema were present on US in the remaining five patients with muscular weakness suggesting active disease. One of these patients in acute flare presented with atrophy changes in addition to edema. Early untreated myositis presented in one patient with moderate power Doppler (PD) signal. Conclusion:As far as muscle US assessment is concerned, a single specific pattern was not observed in our study. A mixture of muscle edema and atrophy was detected depending on disease activity and duration. US findings seem to correlate well with disease activity, suggested by clinical data, and may be a useful tool to complement patient evaluation.

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The effect of glucocorticoids on bone and muscle

Cited by 86 publications

References 45 publications

Fear and lethality in snowshoe hares: the deadly effects of non‐consumptive predation risk

Fear and lethality in snowshoe hares: the deadly effects of non‐consumptive predation risk

Association of sarcopenia with phase angle and body mass index in kidney transplant recipients

Relevance of ultrasonography in assessing disease activity in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

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