The Effect of Glucose When Added to a Fat Load on the Response of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Apolipoprotein B-48 in the Postprandial Phase

Abstract

Increased and prolonged postprandial lipemia has been identified as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. However, there is no consensus on how to test postprandial lipemia, especially with respect to the composition of an experimental meal. To address this question of how glucose, when added to a fat load, affects the selected parameters of postprandial lipemia, we carried out a study in 30 healthy male volunteers. Men consumed an experimental meal containing either 75 g of fat + 25 g of glucose (F+G meal) or 75 g of fat (F meal) in a control experiment. Blood was taken before the meal and at selected time points within the following 8 h. Glucose, when added to a fat load, induced an increase of glycemia and insulinemia and, surprisingly, a 20 % reduction in the response of both total and active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentration. The addition of glucose did not affect the magnitude of postprandial triglyceridemia and TRL-C and TRL-TG concentrations but stimulated a faster response of chylomicrons to the test meal, evaluated by changes in apolipoprotein B-48 concentrations. The addition of glucose induced the physiological response of insulin and the lower response of GLP-1 to the test meal during the early postprandial phase, but had no effect on changes of TRL-cholesterol and TRL-TG within 8 h after the meal.

Glucose Added to a Fat Load Suppresses the Postprandial Triglyceridemia Response in Carriers of the 1131C and 56G Variants of the APOA5 Gene

“…It cannot be excluded that the inverse relationship between the presence of these variants and apoA-V concentrations is lost or even reversed when carriers of these APOA5 variants have increased triglyceridemia, or when they are diabetic or obese. Importantly, HT participants in our study were young healthy men that had low TG concentrations not different from those in WT subjects (triglyceridemia above 2.5 mmol/l was among the exclusion criteria of our study) (Zemankova et al 2015). We can therefore assume that HT subjects in our study had lower apoA-V concentration than WT subjects.…”

“…The study was carried out in 30 healthy male volunteers as described earlier (Zemankova et al 2015). Briefly, two tests of postprandial lipemia were carried out.…”

“…Aliquots of plasma acquired at all time points were stored at -80 °C until analyzed. The triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) were separated from plasma collected at times 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h. The concentrations of TG, cholesterol, FFA, glucose, insulin, TRL-TG, TRL-C, TRL-apoB-48 and LPL in post-heparin plasma were measured as described earlier (Zemankova et al 2015).…”

“…In a recent study of ours, we tested how the addition of glucose to a fat load affects selected parameters of postprandial lipemia in young healthy men with normal lipid concentrations (Zemankova et al 2015). To better understand the role of APOA5 in the regulation of PPL, we decided to genotype the subjects in that study and analyze the interaction between the effect of meal composition (glucose addition) and the APOA5 genotype on postprandial lipemia.…”