The effect of glycidyl methacrylate treatment of empty fruit bunch (EFB) on the properties of ultra‐violet radiation cured EFB‐unsaturated polyester composite

Rozman, H. D.; Rozyanty, A. R.; Tay, G. S.; Kumar, R. N.

doi:10.1002/app.29791

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A number of researchers reported work done on EFB/polymer composites. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Studies on EFB fibre-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites showed that the tensile strength of the composites decreased, while the tensile modulus increased with increasing EFB filler loading. 10,13 In the case of glycidyl methacrylate treatment of EFB and ultraviolet radiation curing of EFB-unsaturated polyester composites, however, both the tensile strength and modulus increased noticeably with increasing EFB content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and properties of EVA/empty fruit bunch composites

Sefadi

Luyt

2011

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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Composites based on ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers with 18% and 28% VA contents and empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibre were reported in this study. The EVA-EFB composites were prepared by melt mixing using a Brabender plastograph mixer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show an improved extent of interfacial adhesion between the polymer and the fibre, with an increase amount of VA in the copolymers. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results reveal that the melting and crystallization enthalpies decreased significantly with increasing VA content, while the presence of EFB fibre had very little influence on the melting and crystallization behaviour of both EVA18 and EVA28. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results show that EVA18 is more thermally stable than EVA28 due to the higher amount of VA in EVA28, and the decomposition of EFB fibre seems to be retarded when it is incorporated into the EVA copolymers. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results show that both the storage modulus and loss modulus decrease significantly with an increase in VA content, and that these two properties observably increased with the incorporation of the fibre. The glass transition temperature also increased observably with increasing fibre loading, and decreased with an increase in the VA content. The stress and strain at break showed a similar decrease with increasing fibre content for both EVA18 and EVA28, while Young's modulus increased much more significantly with increasing fibre content for EVA28. Generally, it seems as if the improvement in interaction between EVA28 and EFB was not significant enough to overcome the inherent weak properties of EVA28.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and properties of EVA/empty fruit bunch composites

Sefadi

Luyt

2011

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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“…By the way, this short curing time should also be beneficial to reduce the emission of styrene usually used as reactive diluent and which presents safety issues. However, only few works reported the use of light for such purpose . For example, ultraviolet (UV)‐curing was used to replace the thermally cured resins for repairing damaged reinforced concrete .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only few works reported the use of light for such purpose. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] For example, ultraviolet (UV)-curing was used to replace the thermally cured resins for repairing damaged reinforced concrete. 3,10,11 The UV-cured fiber-reinforced polymer was also developed for pipes repairing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free radical photopolymerization process for fiber‐reinforced polymer: Effect on the mechanical properties

Hasiaoui

Ibrahim

L’Hostis

et al. 2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Glass–fiber‐reinforced polymers were manufactured either through a room temperature thermal curing or under ultraviolet (UV) light from a LED. The thermal system yields high performances when a post‐curing process at 65°C is applied. The photochemical curing leads to a composite in a faster timescale, albeit at the extent of the mechanical properties. It is found that in this case, impregnation and vacuum steps are too fast to allow a good wetting of the fibers, thereby leading to mechanical weaknesses and larger void volume. However, when applying longer vacuum and impregnation steps, the mechanical properties of the photochemically cured sample match the best thermally cured one. As a conclusion, it is shown that photochemical curing of glass–fiber‐reinforced polymer can lead to high performance composite provided that the preparation steps are well controlled.

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“…The oil palm industry in Malaysia generates large quantities of biomass. Our research team present a variety of publications that related to oil palm industry using curing technology [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Most of these investigations show that various products can be produced from the by-products of the palm oil industry, such as oil palm component plastic composite [8], oil palm componentrubber composite [9], sheet moulding compound [10] and pulp-paper [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Cure Monitoring of Unsaturated Polyester Resin from Ultra-Violet Curing

Hussein¹

2012

J. Res. Updates Polym. Sci.

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Real time Fourier transform infrared (RTFT-IR) spectroscopy reveals the influence of the nature of the photoinitiator on the kinetics for the polymerization reaction. Real time cure monitoring was used to determine the polymerization rate of ultraviolet cured unsaturated polyester resins (UPR1:2-1:5) based on palm oil and containing styrene as a cross-linking agent in the presence of IRGACURE 184 photoinitiator. Firstly, variable types of UPR1:2-1:5 were prepared using various ratios of monoglyceride (MG) monomer to maleic anhydride which used as a source of double bond using polycondensation technique. RTFT-IR spectroscopy was used to characterize the ultraviolet curing kinetics for all the systems. This technique offered a powerful approach for monitoring changes in the chemical properties of the system during the ultraviolet curing. Pseudo first order kinetics for all UPR1:2-1:5 curable systems were determined and the rate constant values and regression coefficients were calculated. Furthermore, the thermal behaviour and morphological features for the photo-fabricated UPR1:2-1:5 systems were examined. The thermal analyses for the cured films were evaluated by TGA, DTG and DSC in nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 10°C/min. All the formulations showed similar degradation pattern at 40 % and 50 % weight losses (Td = 40% and Td =50% respectively) except polymer UPR1:5 which had somewhat lower degree in the same range. In addition, the morphological properties for photo-fabricated UPR1:2,1:3,1:5 were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy.

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The effect of glycidyl methacrylate treatment of empty fruit bunch (EFB) on the properties of ultra‐violet radiation cured EFB‐unsaturated polyester composite

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Morphology and properties of EVA/empty fruit bunch composites

Morphology and properties of EVA/empty fruit bunch composites

Free radical photopolymerization process for fiber‐reinforced polymer: Effect on the mechanical properties

Real-Time Cure Monitoring of Unsaturated Polyester Resin from Ultra-Violet Curing

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