The effect of glycosaminoglycans on rat gametes in vitro and the associated signal pathway

Borg, N.; Holland, Michael

doi:10.1530/rep-07-0267

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Using hemi-nested PCR and indirect immunofluorescence, it was detected the expression at transcript and mature protein levels, respectively. The same findings were already reported in matured oocytes in other mammalian species such as human (Campbell et al, 1995), rat (Borg and Holland, 2008), bovine (Schoenfelder and Einspanier, 2003), and porcine Yokoo et al, 2007) and in different preimplantation stages of embryos in bovine (Furnus et al, 2003), porcine (Toyokawa et al, 2005) and human (Campbell et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Expression of CD44 in sheep oocytes and preimplantation embryos

Luz¹,

Alcântara-Neto²,

Batista³

et al. 2012

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. The CD44 family belongs to a larger group of hyaluronic acid-binding proteins and plays important roles in oocyte maturation, fertilization and preimplantational embryo development. We analyzed the CD44 receptor in sheep oocytes and embryos. Immature oocytes (N = 66) were obtained from a local abattoir; mature oocytes (N = 35) and embryos (N = 41) were obtained by laparotomy from adult hair ewes submitted to ovarian stimulation treatment. The CD44 mRNA was detected by hemi-nested PCR, after reverse transcription, while proteins were located by indirect immunofluorescence, using anti-human CD44 monoclonal antibody. Human lymphocytes and immature bovine oocytes were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Assessment of the oocyte nuclear stages as well as classification of the embryonic development stage were made with Hoechst 33342 staining. Indirect immunofluorescence detected CD44 expression on the surface of mature oocytes and embryos; immature oocytes did not take up the stain. These findings were supported by the RT-PCR data, which showed no mRNA templates for CD44, even after two consecutive amplifications, in material from immature oocytes and cumulus cells. The CD44 amplicons were detected after a second hemi-nested PCR in mature oocytes and embryos. The finding of CD44 in mature oocytes and preimplantational embryos could reflect the expression profile of hyaluronic acid during terminal folliculogenesis and preimplantational embryo development in sheep.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Expression of CD44 in sheep oocytes and preimplantation embryos

Luz¹,

Alcântara-Neto²,

Batista³

et al. 2012

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…A number of independent HSPG with reported ability to modulate growth factor activity exist, of which only CD44 has been widely studied, showing up to 100-fold induction in periovulatory COC (39,40). We investigated in detail the level and pattern of expression of the other main families of cell surface HSPG, the syndecans, glypicans and Betaglycan in the mural granulosa cells and COC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Regulate Responses to Oocyte Paracrine Signals in Ovarian Follicle Morphogenesis

et al. 2012

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In the ovarian follicle, oocyte-secreted factors induce cumulus-specific genes and repress mural granulosa cell specific genes to establish these functionally distinct cell lineages. The mechanism establishing this precise morphogenic pattern of oocyte signaling within the follicle is unknown. The present study investigated a role for heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) as coreceptors mediating oocyte secreted factor signaling. In vitro maturation of cumulus oocyte complexes in the presence of exogenous heparin, which antagonizes HSPG signaling, prevented cumulus expansion and blocked the induction of cumulus-specific matrix genes, Has2 and Tnfaip6, whereas conversely, the mural granulosa-specific genes, Lhcgr and Cyp11a1, were strongly up-regulated. Heparin also blocked phosphorylation of SMAD2. Exogenous growth differentiation factor (GDF)-9 reversed these heparin effects; furthermore, GDF9 strongly bound to heparin sepharose. These observations indicate that heparin binds endogenous GDF9 and disrupts interaction with heparan sulphate proteoglycan coreceptor(s), important for GDF9 signaling. The expression of candidate HSPG coreceptors, Syndecan 1-4, Glypican 1-6, and Betaglycan, was examined. An ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotropin down-regulated Betaglycan in cumulus cells, and this regulation required GDF9 activity; conversely, Betaglycan was significantly increased in luteinizing mural granulosa cells. Human chorionic gonadotropin caused very strong induction of Syndecan 1 and Syndecan 4 in mural granulosa as well as cumulus cells. Glypican 1 was selectively induced in cumulus cells, and this expression appeared dependent on GDF9 action. These data suggest that HSPG play an essential role in GDF9 signaling and are involved in the patterning of oocyte signaling and cumulus cell function in the periovulatory follicle. (Endocrinology 153: 4544 -4555, 2012) O varian follicles coordinately respond to maternal endocrine and oocyte paracrine signals to mediate the maturation of oocytes and cyclic production of female reproductive hormones. The follicle comprises layers of somatic cells that proliferate and differentiate forming two phenotypically and functionally different cell populations: cumulus cells, which envelope the oocyte forming the cumulus oocyte complex (COC), and mural granulosa cells (GC), which line the follicle wall. These two cell types play distinct roles in the function of the follicle, together providing a specialized microenvironment in which the oocyte matures. Throughout folliculogenesis cumulus cells regulate the oocyte's microenvironment and energy supply via expression of genes required for carbohydrate metabolism and cholesterol biosynthesis. Mural granulosa cells participate in endocrine communication through expression of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes and the LH receptor. Mural granulosa cells thus sense the LH surge and respond by activating ovulation and oocyte maturation cascades. Epidermal growth factor-like ligands released by granulosa cells trigger cumulus ce...

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“…There was possibility that rat b-defensin 22 had affinity for other GAGs. As GAGs had effects on the signal pathway of rat gametes, 37 rat b-defensin 22 might also have roles in fertilisation through binding GAGs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rat recombinant β-defensin 22 is a heparin-binding protein with antimicrobial activity

Diao¹,

Yu²,

Sun³

et al. 2010

Asian J Androl

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Approximately 40-50 b-defensins are predominantly expressed in the male reproductive system of mammals. This selective expression raises the question as to the roles of these molecules in innate immunity and fertility in the male reproductive tract. Rat b-defensin 22 is an epididymis-specific b-defensin expressed in segments 12-14 of the epididymis. This protein contains both b-defensin and lectin signature sequences, yet its antimicrobial activity and carbohydrate-binding ability have not been shown. We herein demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of recombinant rat b-defensin 22 against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Its lectin-like activity was also investigated by demonstrating its binding ability with heparin beads. This heparin-binding activity implies some potential roles for this defensin in determining the fertilisation capabilities of sperm.

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The effect of glycosaminoglycans on rat gametes in vitro and the associated signal pathway

Cited by 14 publications

References 84 publications

Expression of CD44 in sheep oocytes and preimplantation embryos

Expression of CD44 in sheep oocytes and preimplantation embryos

Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Regulate Responses to Oocyte Paracrine Signals in Ovarian Follicle Morphogenesis

Rat recombinant β-defensin 22 is a heparin-binding protein with antimicrobial activity

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