The effect of graft copolymers of maleic anhydride and epoxy resin on the mechanical properties and morphology of PP/ABS blends

Luo, Zhu; Lu, Qiuyi; Ma, Fang; Jiang, Yi

doi:10.1002/app.40898

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These results indicate that SAN has no obviously effect on crystal form but lower the degree of crystallinity of PP. This is different from ABS/PP blends synthesized by several other researchers which obtained β-crystalline phase [ 16 , 17 ]. Mastan et al [ 23 ] showed that the β crystal form of PP crystals occurrs in HNTs- and IFR-filled 80/20 (wt/wt) PP/ABS blends and their composites, and reasoned that ABS and SEBS-g-MA acted as a β-nucleating agent and the similar depiction by Nayak et al [ 16 ].…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…The rigid bodies not only toughen the blends, but also enhance their overall physical properties for specific applications [ 12 – 15 ]. Adding organic rigid bodies to PP is a common method for increasing the impact resistance of PP, with appropriate modification of the interface [ 16 , 17 ]. Use of the organic rigid bodies nylon-6 [ 18 , 19 ], polymethyl methacrylate [ 20 , 21 ] and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) [ 22 – 25 ] has been frequently reported in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and properties of novel styrene acrylonitrile/polypropylene blends with enhanced toughness

Liao

Zhu

et al. 2018

Chemistry Central Journal

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BackgroundAlthough polypropylene (PP) has been widely used, its brittleness restricts even further applications.MethodsIn this study, we have used a melt blending process to synthesize styrene acrylonitrile (SAN)/PP blends containing 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% SAN. The effects of adding various amount of SAN on the blends characteristics, mechanical properties, thermal behavior and morphology were investigated.ResultsThe results demonstrated that SAN had no obviously effect on crystal form but reduced the crystallinity of PP and increased the viscosity. The heat deflection temperature and Vicat softening temperature were enhanced for all SAN/PP blends, in particular for blends with low SAN content (5 and 10 wt%). The morphology of SAN/PP blends with 10 wt% SAN revealed the presence of nanoparticles dispersed on the surface, while SAN/PP blends with 20 wt% SAN exhibited the presence of spherical droplets and dark holes. All SAN/PP blends showed higher impact strength compared to pure PP, especially for SAN/PP blend containing 10 wt% SAN for which the impact strength was 2.3 times higher than that of pure PP.ConclusionsThe reason for significant increase in impact properties seemed to have a strong correlation with nanoparticles morphology and the decrease of PP crystallinity.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of novel styrene acrylonitrile/polypropylene blends with enhanced toughness

Liao

Zhu

et al. 2018

Chemistry Central Journal

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“…ABS/PP showed a decrease in glass transition temperature (T g(ABS) ) associated with ABS and in melt crystallization temperature (Tm (PP) ) associated with PP, as compared to neat ABS (Table 6 and Figure 10). On the contrary, the increase in H g (2.464 j/g) and H d (488.8 j/g) in compatibilized blend pellets presented enhanced blending [46] due to PE-g-MAH. The increase in glass crystallization showed a rearrangement of intermolecular bonds at an earlier temperature [46] than neat ABS, and the high degradation energy in H d presented improved resistance to thermal degradation.…”

Section: Effects Of Printing Variables On Crystallizationmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…On the contrary, the increase in H g (2.464 j/g) and H d (488.8 j/g) in compatibilized blend pellets presented enhanced blending [46] due to PE-g-MAH. The increase in glass crystallization showed a rearrangement of intermolecular bonds at an earlier temperature [46] than neat ABS, and the high degradation energy in H d presented improved resistance to thermal degradation. The effect of bed temperature, printing temperature, and aging interval on thermal stability of ABS/PP/PE-g-MAH is displayed with respect to non-printed pellets in Figure 11 and Table 6.…”

Section: Effects Of Printing Variables On Crystallizationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene and Polypropylene Blend with Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties for Fused Filament Fabrication

et al. 2019

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Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is the oldest fused filament fabrication (FFF) material that shows low stability to thermal aging due to hydrogen abstraction of the butadiene monomer. A novel blend of ABS, polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene graft maleic anhydride (PE-g-MAH) is presented for FFF. ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of three variables (bed temperature, printing temperature, and aging interval) on tensile properties of the specimens made on a custom-built pellet printer. The compression and flexure properties were also investigated for the highest thermal combinations. The blend showed high thermal stability with enhanced strength despite three days of aging, as well as high bed and printing temperatures. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided significant chemical interactions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the thermal stability with enhanced enthalpy of glass transition and melting. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) also revealed high temperatures for onset and 50% mass degradation. Signs of chemical grafting and physical interlocking in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also explained the thermo-mechanical stability of the blend.Therefore, a need arises to explore a solution for a thermally stable ABS for large-scale and high temperature FFF applications.Different methods were adopted to increase the thermal stability of ABS [11,12], such as blending [11,12], addition of flame retardants [13], stabilizers [11], etc. The most recommended method in terms of gaining both thermal and mechanical stability is blending with high-temperature polymers [12][13][14]. In this regard, polycarbonate (PC) is the most successful polymer that reports the best-in-class blend properties with ABS [14] as compared to contemporary ones in FFF, such as ABS/UHMWPE/SEBS, ABS:SEBS [15,16], ABS:SEBS-g-MAH [17], ABS/PMMA [18], and ABS/SMA [5]. The addition of PC to ABS was reported with improvements in both thermal and mechanical properties (tensile, compression, and flexure) [13,19]. However, thermal improvement is interpreted as an improvement in the onset of the degradation temperature of the non-aged blend obtained in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) [20]. Researchers found detrimental effects of annealing on the morphology of an ABS/PC blend that resulted in a decrease in thermal stability [20]. Therefore, it reveals a need to explore a blend of ABS that can withstand thermal aging at high temperatures with good mechanical properties (tensile, compression, and flexure).Polypropylene (PP) is one of the eminent polyolefins with good chemical and mechanical properties [21]. However, it presents warpage and swelling in an FFF process. This is overcome by blending with different printable polymers or fillers (fibers). For example, Peng et al. [22] reported enhanced mechanical strength with the addition of polyamide (PA6) and POE-g-MAH. Ramis et al. [21] reported enhanced thermal stability in the TGA analysis of PP/starch. Mourad et al. [23] found good resistance to thermal aging...

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“…Blending PP with rigid polymers to synthesize a binary or ternary system is a traditional method to improve mechanical and thermal properties simultaneously [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Recently, rigid polymers of nylon-6 [15,16], polymethyl methacrylate [17,18], acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) [19][20][21][22] and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) [23] have been frequently reported.…”

Section: Backgroundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene composite by encapsulating styrene acrylonitrile with ammonium polyphosphate

Liao

Peng

et al. 2019

BMC Chemistry

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Backgrounds: In recent decades, incorporating polypropylene (PP) within flame retardants has proved to be an effective method of improving the thermal stabilities of PP, but too much adversely affects the mechanical properties of this polymer materials. Herein we report a novel multifunctional flame retardant, (styrene acrylonitrile)-(titanatemodified ammonium polyphosphate) (SAN-TAPP), to simultaneously improve the mechanical properties and thermal stability of PP composites. Methods: SAN-TAPP was synthesized by encapsulating SAN resins with functional titanate-modified APP (TAPP) and subsequently was incorporated into PP by a melt-blending process. The phase characteristics and morphology of SAN-TAPP were investigated, and the mechanical properties and thermal stability of different content of PP/SAN-TAPP composites were studied. Results: The results showed that the TAPP was almost entirely wrapped in the SAN resins and PP/SAN-TAPP composites exhibited the sea-island morphology. For the mechanical properties, the impact strength of PP/SAN-TAPP composite was significantly improved, especially 15 wt% SAN-TAPP filled PP/SAN-TAPP composite exhibiting 2.17 times higher than that of pure PP. And the tensile strength and modulus also increased by addition of SAN-TAPP. For the thermal stabilities, melting temperatures (T m) and residual char yield were improved. Furthermore, the LOI value of PP/SAN-TAPP composites increased from 19.8 to 27.5%; The 15 and 20 wt% SAN-TAPP filled in PP/SAN-TAPP composites passed the V-2 test of UL-94, and exerted the similar effect on the flame retardancy to TAPP with the same loading. Conclusions: These results revealed that a novel PP/SAN-TAPP composites with synthetically enhancement on the mechanical properties, thermal stabilities and flame retardancy, suggesting a strong correlation between the phase structure, mechanical and thermal properties.

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The effect of graft copolymers of maleic anhydride and epoxy resin on the mechanical properties and morphology of PP/ABS blends

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Synthesis and properties of novel styrene acrylonitrile/polypropylene blends with enhanced toughness

Synthesis and properties of novel styrene acrylonitrile/polypropylene blends with enhanced toughness

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene and Polypropylene Blend with Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties for Fused Filament Fabrication

Enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene composite by encapsulating styrene acrylonitrile with ammonium polyphosphate

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