The Effect of Growth at Elevated Temperatures on Some Heritable Properties of Staphylococcus aureus

J, May; Houghton, Rick; Perret, Claire

doi:10.1099/00221287-37-2-157

Cited by 127 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…There have appeared many reports that the loci governing resistance to TC [4,12], CM [4,11,21], KM [4] and to SM [17] were irreversively lost by curing experiments using either acridine dyes or elevated temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transduction Analysis of the Genetic Determinants for Chloramphenicol Resistance in Staphylococci

Inoue

Hashimoto

Yamagishi

et al. 1970

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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A genetic analysis of resistance to chloramphenicol (CM) in Staphylococcus aureus S1337 was carried out through transduction. About 3 to 18% of the transductants jointly acquired resistance to both tetracycline (TC) and CM, even when singly selected for either CM-or TC-resistance. When singly selected for either TC-or streptomycin (SM)-resistance, about 1 to 4% of the transductants jointly acquired resistance to both TC and SM. Joint transduction of both CM-and SM-resistance was never observed, when singly selected for either TC-or CM-resistance. These findings indicate that the genetic loci govering CM, TC and SM resistance in S1337 are closely linked, and appear to possess the following linkage order, -CM-TC-SM-. The finding that penicillin (PC) resistance is not cotransducible with either CM-, TC-, or SM-resistance, is also accordance with a previous result in MS27, indicating that PC-resistance is governed by a genetic unit different from the one carrying resistance to TC, SM and CM in S1337.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, when the TC-resistance of E169, in which the TC-resistance was rather labile at elevated temperature [12], Elimination of antibiotics resistance was examined by the method described in Materials and Methods. S1396-109 (CM.TC) and S1396-122 (SM.TC) are the transductants and shown in Table 6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transduction Analysis of the Genetic Determinants for Chloramphenicol Resistance in Staphylococci

Inoue

Hashimoto

Yamagishi

et al. 1970

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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“…The strain studied, Staphjdococcus aureus I I I (Sompolinsky, Yiflah & Aboud, 1568), was susceptible to mercuiy salts (Moore, 1960) and resistant to tetracycline (Tc) by virtue of a plasmid that could be eliminated by growth at 44" (May, Houghton & Perret, 1964). The eliminated susceptible strain grew on nutrient agar containing 0.2 pg.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inducible Resistance to Tetracycline in Staphylococcus aureus

Sompolinsky

Krawitz

Zaidenzaig

et al. 1970

Journal of General Microbiology

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S U M M A R YWhen staphylococci, resistant to 4 pg. tetracycline/ml., were grown in nutrient media at subinhibitory levels of the drug, phenotypical resistance increased until the cocci grew with 160 pg. tetracyclinelml. Resistance increased most rapidly at the highest concentration of tetracycline which did not significantly inhibit growth. Increase in resistance was also obtained by pre-incubation with p-apo-5-oxy-tetracycline. Increase in resistance could be prevented by chloramphenicol and actinomycin D, but not by nalidixic acid. When a highly resistant culture was transferred to tetracycline-free medium, phenotypical resistance decreased gradually ; after four transfers on nutrient agar it returned entirely to the original level. I N T R O D U C T I O NWilliams (1967) has drawn attention to the resistance to mercury salts (Moore, I 960) of tetracycline-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Resistance to tetracycline was in general correlated with resistance to mercury; in mercury-sensitive strains, however, high-level resistance to tetracycline could be obtained by ' training ', i.e. growth in peptone water containing 3 pg. antibiotic/ml. METHODSBacterial strains. The strain studied, Staphjdococcus aureus I I I (Sompolinsky, Yiflah & Aboud, 1568), was susceptible to mercuiy salts (Moore, 1960) and resistant to tetracycline (Tc) by virtue of a plasmid that could be eliminated by growth at 44" (May, Houghton & Perret, 1964). The eliminated susceptible strain grew on nutrient agar containing 0.2 pg. Tc/ml. ; on agar containing 0.4 pg. Tc/ml., colonies did not develop from an inoculum of IO* staphylococci. With the uneliminated culture, identical colony counts were obtained on plain agar and on agar containing 4-0 pg. Tc/ml. At concentrations of up to 160pg. Tc/ml., some colonies developed but growth did not occur on nutrient agar containing 320pg. Tc/ml. Three types of Iesistant cultures have been used: (a) a culture transferred daily on plain nutrient agar; only 5 to 10% of the viable cocci from this culture produced colonies on agar containing 10 pg. Tc/ml. ; (b) a highly resistant culture subcultured daily on nutrient agar containing I 60 pg. Tc/ml.; and (c) cultures with intermediate levels of resistance obtained by growth of type (a) culture for a short period in nutrient broth containing tetracycline at different concentrations.

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“…Resistance to heavy metals such as mercuric and cadmium ions are usually linked to penicillinase on these plasmids (11,12,16). Tetracycline resistance can be determined by a plasmid which is lost or transduced independently of the penicillinase-containing plasmids (1,10). The data in this study demonstrate that patterns of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance vary between coagulase-positive or mannitol-fermenting and coagulase-negative or mannitol-noniermenting strains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Epidemiology of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Bacteria: Resistance Patterns in Staphylococci Isolated from Populations in Iraq Exposed and Not Exposed to Heavy Metals or Antibiotics

Groves¹,

Short²,

Thewaini³

et al. 1975

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Staphylococci were isolated from rural and urban populations in Iraq, which were not known to be exposed to either heavy metals or antibiotics. The antibiotic and heavy metal resistance patterns of these strains were analyzed in both mannitol-fermenting and nonfermenting strains. Over 90% of the strains were resistant to at least one of the following antibiotics: penicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, cephalothin, lincomycin, or methicillin. In general, mannitol-fermenting strains were resistant to penicillin and cupric ions. Mannitol-negative strains were more frequently associated with mercuric ion and tetracycline resistance. Although resistance to penicillin and tetracycline can coexist, the combination of penicillin resistance and tetracycline resistance usually occurred in mannitol-negative strains. The possibility of selection of heavy metal-resistant strains due to exposure to toxic levels of methylmercury was examined. No significant increase in mercuric ion-resistant strains of staphylococci or Escherichia coli were detected in exposed populations as compared to control groups. The possible reasons for this result are discussed.The current interest in subtle effects of environmental contaminants on ecosystems has resulted in a renewed emphasis on the interactions of pollutants with microorganisms. As man further contaminates his own environment, he alters the milieu of those organisms for whom he is the host. For example, selection of antibiotic-resistant strains in human patients (4,8,19) and live stock (18) is a well recognized phenomenon. There is also evidence to indicate that there may be a correlation between the emergence of resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. Thus the exposure of industrial workers to metallic mercury or inorganic mercury has been shown to be associated with an increased colonization by antibiotic-or mercury-resistant staphylococci in the nasal passages (7). Even in populations that had not been known to have been exposed to mercury, there is a high correlation between certain types of antibiotic resistance patterns and resistance to heavy metals.Recent studies have demonstrated an association between resistance to penicillin, copper ions, and the production of coagulase, whereas resistance to mercury was more commonly noted in strains that were resistant to tetracycline and coagulase negative (6; D. Groves and F.. Young, manuscript in preparation). 6Because there was an increased incidence of intercurrent infections leading to death in patients poisoned with methylmercury at Minimata (14), it was considered particularly relevant to determine the effects of exposure to toxic amounts of heavy metals on resistance patterns in microorganisms. In the period from September 1971 to mid-January 1972, a severe epidemic of methylmercury poisoning of farmers and their families occurred in Iraq, due to the consumption of home-made bread prepared from seed grain treated with a methyl mercurial fungicide. A total of 6,530 cases were admitted to hospitals, and there...

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The Effect of Growth at Elevated Temperatures on Some Heritable Properties of Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 127 publications

References 9 publications

Transduction Analysis of the Genetic Determinants for Chloramphenicol Resistance in Staphylococci

Transduction Analysis of the Genetic Determinants for Chloramphenicol Resistance in Staphylococci

Inducible Resistance to Tetracycline in Staphylococcus aureus

Epidemiology of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Bacteria: Resistance Patterns in Staphylococci Isolated from Populations in Iraq Exposed and Not Exposed to Heavy Metals or Antibiotics

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