The Effect of Heating Rate on the Recrystallization Behavior in Cold Rolled Ultra Low Carbon Steel

Cerda, Felipe Manuel Castro; Vercruysse, Florian; Minh, Tuan Nguyen; Kestens, Léo; Monsalve, Alberto; Petrov, Roumen

doi:10.1002/srin.201600351

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The histogram of grain size distribution for non-recrystallized ferritic grains (red lines in hand, the ferritic matrix in the CH condition is formed mainly by recrystallized equiaxed grains, and its microstructure is not affected by soaking time (Figure 8d). It is well known that high heating rates lead to a smaller grain size [6,10,13,47,48], as it is shown for the studied steel in Figure 8. This is caused, among other reasons, by the short time given to the α/α interface to grow.…”

Section: Ebsd Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…[2] proposed an idea to apply ultrafast heat treatment for manufacturing advanced high strength steels (AHSS) with microstructures as heterogeneous as those processed via conventional heat treatments. This treatment was initially referred to as 'flash processing' [2], and other terms such as 'ultrashort annealing' [3] and 'ultrafast heating' [4][5][6][7] are widely used for this process in the recent literature. Ultrafast heat treatment is based on heating the material with the heating rate in the range of 100 to 1000 o C/s to an intercritical temperature, very short soaking at this temperature followed by quenching.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Increasing heating rate shifts the recrystallization temperature to higher values than the one measured at conventional heating rates of 10-20°C/s. Recovery and recrystallization processes concurrently occur during ultrafast heating, and increasing the heating rate decreases the recrystallized fraction of ferrite for a given temperature [5][6][7][12][13][14]. The martensite volume fraction in the heat treated steel tends to increase with increasing peak temperature [15].…”

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confidence: 99%

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The effect of heating rate and soaking time on microstructure of an advanced high strength steel

Valdes-Tabernero

Celada-Casero

Sabirov

et al. 2019

Materials Characterization

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This work focuses on the effect of soaking time on the microstructure during ultrafast heat treatment of a 50% cold rolled low carbon steel with initial ferritic-pearlitic microstructure.Dilatometry analysis was used to estimate the effect of heating rate on the phase transformation temperatures and to select an appropriate inter-critical temperature for final heat treatments. A thorough qualitative and quantitative microstructural characterization of the heat treated samples is performed using a wide range of characterization techniques. A complex multiphase, hierarchical microstructure consisting of ferritic matrix with embedded martensite and retained austenite is formed after all applied heat treatments. In turn, the ferritic matrix contains recrystallized and non-recrystallized grains. It is demonstrated that the ultrafast heating generally results in finer microstructure compared to the conventional heating independently on the soaking time. There is a significant effect of the soaking time on the volume fraction of martensite of the ultrafast heated material, while in the samples heated with conventional heating rate it remains relatively unchanged during soaking.Recrystallization, recovery and phase transformations occurring during soaking are discussed with respect to the applied heating rate.

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Section: Ebsd Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 53%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The effect of heating rate and soaking time on microstructure of an advanced high strength steel

Valdes-Tabernero

Celada-Casero

Sabirov

et al. 2019

Materials Characterization

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“…In recent years, a third generation of AHSS is being developed. Steels which may claim to be part of the third generation are medium to high manganese steels [12][13][14][15], complex phase steels [16], steels produced via severe plastic deformation [17] or ultrafast thermal processing routes [18][19][20][21], and quenched and partitioned (Q & P) steels [22,23].Q & P steels first appeared in literature in 2003 and have gained research interest since then [23]. Q & P steels combine high strength and ductility because of their complex multi-phase microstructure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Temperature Dependence of the Static and Dynamic Behaviour in a Quenching and Partitioning Processed Low-Si Steel

Vercruysse

Celada-Casero

Linke

et al. 2020

Metals

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Because of their excellent combination of strength and ductility, quenching and partitioning (Q & P) steels have a great chance of being added to the third generation of advanced high strength steels. The large ductility of Q & P steels arises from the presence of 10% to 15% of retained austenite which postpones necking due to the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) effect. Moreover, Q & P steels show promising forming properties with favourable Lankford coefficients, while their planar anisotropy is low due to a weak texture. The stability of the metastable austenite is the key to obtain tailored properties for these steels. To become part of the newest generation of advanced high strength steels, Q & P steels have to preserve their mechanical properties at dynamic strain rates and over a wide range of temperatures. Therefore, in the present study, a low-Si Q & P steel was tested at temperatures from −40 • C to 80 • C and strain rates from 0.001 s −1 to 500 s −1 . Results show that the mechanical properties are well-preserved at the lowest temperatures. Indeed, at −40 • C and room temperature, no significant loss of the deformation capacity is observed even at dynamic strain rates. This is attributed to the presence of a large fraction of austenite that is so (thermally) stable that it does not transform in the absence of deformation. In addition, the high stability of the austenite decreases the elongation at high test temperatures (80 • C). The additional adiabatic heating in the dynamic tests causes the largest reduction of the uniform strain for the samples tested at 80 • C. Quantification of the retained austenite fraction in the samples after testing confirmed that, at the highest temperature and strain rate, the TRIP effect is suppressed.Metals 2020, 10, 509 2 of 22 twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) and austenitic steels. These steels have excellent properties, though their use is limited because they require large amounts of expensive alloying elements such as Ni, Mn and Cr [8][9][10][11]. In recent years, a third generation of AHSS is being developed. Steels which may claim to be part of the third generation are medium to high manganese steels [12][13][14][15], complex phase steels [16], steels produced via severe plastic deformation [17] or ultrafast thermal processing routes [18][19][20][21], and quenched and partitioned (Q & P) steels [22,23].Q & P steels first appeared in literature in 2003 and have gained research interest since then [23]. Q & P steels combine high strength and ductility because of their complex multi-phase microstructure. This microstructure is obtained by imposing a (two-step) thermal cycle to low carbon steel with Si/Al as most the important alloying elements. After initial austenisation, the material is quenched to the quenching temperature situated in between the martensite start (Ms) and martensite finish temperature (Mf). This creates a microstructure of martensite and austenite of equal carbon content. The fractions of both are determined by the quenching temperature ...

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“…It has been chosen to show it in this manner as the grain refinement will be more pronounced in this phase due to the double transformation which is absent in the ferrite that only recrystallizes (neglecting ferrite that originates from the massive back transformation). The trends are the same for ferrite as is for martensite therefore it was opted to only plot the latter in this work as this will have had the dominant effect on the property changes [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static and dynamic response of ultra-fast annealed advanced high strength steels

et al. 2018

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Ultra-fast annealing (UFA) is a viable alternative for processing of 3rd generation advanced high strength steels (AHSS). Use of heating rates up to 1000°C/s shows a significant grain refinement effect in low carbon steel (0.1 wt.%), and creates multiphase structures containing ferrite, martensite, bainite and retained austenite. This mixture of structural constituents is attributed to carbon gradients in the steel due to limited diffusional time during UFA treatment. Quasi-static (strain rate of 0.0033s-1) and dynamic (stain rate 600s-1) tensile tests showed that tensile strength of both conventional and UFA sample increases at high strain rates, whereas the elongation at fracture decreases. The ultrafast heated samples are less sensitive to deterioration of elongation at high strain rates then the conventionally heat treated ones. Based on metallographic studies was concluded that the presence of up to 5% of retained austenite together with a lower carbon martensite/bainite fraction are the main reason for the improved tensile properties. An extended stability of retained austenite towards higher strain values was observed in the high strain rate tests which is attributed to adiabatic heating. The extension of the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) effect towards higher strain values allowed the UFA-samples to better preserve their deformation capacity resulting in expected better crashworthiness.

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The Effect of Heating Rate on the Recrystallization Behavior in Cold Rolled Ultra Low Carbon Steel

Cited by 18 publications

References 44 publications

The effect of heating rate and soaking time on microstructure of an advanced high strength steel

The effect of heating rate and soaking time on microstructure of an advanced high strength steel

Temperature Dependence of the Static and Dynamic Behaviour in a Quenching and Partitioning Processed Low-Si Steel

Static and dynamic response of ultra-fast annealed advanced high strength steels

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