The Effect of Herbicides on the Chemical Content of Wheat Grain

Abstract

The importance of herbicides for weed control in wheat crop is extensively studied, but there is limited research about their impact on the chemical content of wheat grain. With the aim to analyse the effect of five commonly used herbicides on the chemical content of winter wheat crop (cv. Euclide) grown on Vertisol soil, field trial was carried out during 2012-13 in the central part of Kosovo. The five applied post-emergence herbicides were: Sekator WG (a.i. iodosulfuron-methyl-natrium + amidosulfuron + mefenpyr-diethyl-protectant), Lintur 70 WG (a.i. triasulfuron + dicamba), Granstar 75 WG (a.i. tribenuronmethyl), Mustang (a.i. florasulam + 2,4-D 2-EH) and a combination of Sekator WG (a.i. iodosulfuron-methyl-natrium + amidosulfuron + mefenpyr-diethylprotectant) + Furore super EW (a.i. fenoxaprop-P-ethyl). There were seven treatments: five herbicide treatments, mechanical control (hand check) and an untreated control. The field trial was set in a randomized block design with four replications and elementary plots of 9 m 2. The chemical content of wheat grain (crude proteins, crude fibre, fat, starch, ash and moisture) was analysed using NIRS technique. Milled samples of 20 g were placed in special boxes and sealed with a lid of cardboard and placed in the NIRS's apparatus for the analyses. Three replications for each treatment were used for the statistical analysis. There was significant effect of herbicides for crude proteins (F 2.21 = 5.10, p < 0.05), fat content (F 2.21 = 5.36, p < 0.05), crude fibre (F 2.21 = 13.0, p < 0.05) and ash (F 2.21 = 2.84, p < 0.05). However, no significant effect of the herbicides on starch content was observed. Based on our results we suggest to additionally consider the effects of herbicides on the chemical content of wheat grain in the process of choosing appropriate herbicides for weed control.

Inventory: The pesticides application and its risk assessment in the irrigated perimeter of Tadla-Morocco

“…The most often used families include triazines, atrazine, simazine, cyromazine, terbumeton, uracils and substituted ureas (linuron, isoproturon, Granstar, Mustang, diuron). These results are similar to studies showed by Mehmeti et al 2016 andWHO 2020. The second one includes insecticides (29%), whose role is to eliminate insects.…”

“…The last category includes fungicides (28.32%), whose role is fighting against fungi. The most commonly used products are synthetic organics, where many groups could be distinguished, including carbamates (benomyl, carbendazim), derivatives of benzene and phenol, triazoles (flusilazole, tebuconazole, difenoconazole) and amides (carboxin), These results support the view presented by Mehmeti et al 2016 andNgakiama et al 2019.…”

Evaluation of effect of nicosulfuron at different time of application on the chemical component of maize (Zea mays)

“…Chaudhary et al (2010) also reported a higher percentage of protein in the grain of maize cultivated on a plot treated with herbicide than that of hand hoeing and unweeded controls. The application of herbicides which include: Sekator, Lintur 70 WG, Granstar 75 WG, and Mustang in wheat fields, was reported to bring about a significant increase in the proximate compositions like crude protein, crude fat, ash, and crude fiber of the wheat grain (Mehmeti et al 2016). The effect of time of application of the nicosulfuron on the proximate compositions of the maize variety comparison showed that, time of herbicide application had a significant effect on most of the proximate components of the maize grain, with crude protein, crude fiber, and moisture contents being high at 5 WAS; carbohydrate at 7 WAS; and crude fat at 3 WAS.…”

“…Inhibiting the ALS enzyme system blocks the production of the amino acids, valine and isoleucine, essential building blocks of proteins and other plant components (Anon 1990). The use of herbicides in the control of weeds in crop fields was reported to significantly affect crop grains' chemical components such as crude protein, crude fiber, fat, and ash (Mehmeti et al 2016). Shaban et al (2016) reported a significant increase in the carbohydrate content of maize grains due to the application of some herbicides (metribuzin and acetochlor).…”

Fluctuation in amino acids content in Triticum aestivum L. cultivars as an indicator on the impact of post-emergence herbicides in controlling weeds

“…Free amino acids are essential for secondary plant metabolism and the biosynthesis of compounds like phenolics and glucosinolates, which play important roles in the interaction of the environment and human health, either directly or indirectly. Wheat is a major source of carbohydrates and energy; it is valued grain for health, which contains protein, vitamins, fibers and phytochemicals ( Desoky et al, 2020a , Desoky et al, 2020b , El-Saadony et al, 2021a ), and this composition differ based on herbicide treatments, and the herbicides had a significant effect on crude protein and fat content ( Mehmeti et al, 2016 ). They also reported that when plots were treated with triasulfuron + dicamba, the content of cured protein in wheat grain increased (15.25%) higher than all other treatments, while the lowest content of crude protein in wheat grain was in the plot was treated with mechanical control (13.72%), additionally, they reported that plots were treated with tribenuron-methyl significantly differed from other treatments.…”