The effect of high temperatures on the mid-to-far-infrared emission and near-infrared reflectance spectra of phyllosilicates and natural zeolites: Implications for martian exploration

Che, C.; Glotch, T. D.

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.01.005

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…In section 1, we hypothesized that dehydrated and/or dehydroxylated phyllosilicates due to impact heating may remain on Mars. NIR spectra cannot identify these possible dehydrated and/or dehydroxylated phases because phyllosilicates show almost no spectral feature in near‐IR region after they have been heated to high temperatures [ Milliken and Mustard , 2005; Gavin and Chevrier , 2010; Che and Glotch , 2010]. Therefore it is very important to understand the effects of temperature on the mid‐IR spectra of phyllosilicates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic study of the dehydration and/or dehydroxylation of phyllosilicate and zeolite minerals

Che¹,

Glotch²,

Bish³

et al. 2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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106

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[1] Phyllosilicates on Mars mapped by infrared spectroscopic techniques could have been affected by dehydration and/or dehydroxylation associated with chemical weathering in hyperarid conditions, volcanism or shock heating associated with meteor impact. The effects of heat-induced dehydration and/or dehydroxylation on the infrared spectra of 14 phyllosilicates from four structural groups (kaolinite, smectite, sepiolite-palygorskite, and chlorite) and two natural zeolites are reported here. Pressed powders of size-separated phyllosilicate and natural zeolite samples were heated incrementally from 100°C to 900°C, cooled to room temperature, and measured using multiple spectroscopic techniques: midinfrared (400-4000 cm −1 ) attenuated total reflectance, midinfrared reflectance (400-1400 cm −1 ), and far-infrared reflectance (50-600 cm −1 ) spectroscopies. Correlated thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction data were also acquired in order to clarify the thermal transformation of each sample. For phyllosilicate samples, the OH stretching (∼3600 cm −1 ), OH bending (∼590-950 cm −1 ), and/or H 2 O bending (∼1630 cm −1 ) bands all become very weak or completely disappear upon heating to temperatures > 500°C. The spectral changes associated with SiO 4 vibrations (∼1000 cm −1 and ∼500 cm −1 ) show large variations depending on the compositions and structures of phyllosilicates. The thermal behavior of phyllosilicate IR spectra is also affected by the type of octahedral cations. For example, spectral features of Al 3+ -rich smectites are more stable than those of Fe 3+ -rich smectites. The high-temperature (>800°C) spectral changes of trioctahedral Mg 2+ -rich phyllosilicates such as hectorite, saponite, and sepiolite result primarily from crystallization of enstatite. Phyllosilicates with moderate Mg 2+ concentration (e.g., palygorskite, clinochlore) and dioctahedral montmorillonites (e.g., SAz-1 and SCa-3) with partial Mg 2+ -for-Al 3+ substitution all have new spectral feature developed at ∼900 cm −1 upon heating to 800°C. Compared with phyllosilicates, spectral features of two natural zeolites, clinoptilolite and mordenite, are less affected by thermal treatments. Even after heating to 900°C, the IR spectral features attributed to Si (Al)-O stretching and bending vibration modes do not show significant differences from those of unheated zeolites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic study of the dehydration and/or dehydroxylation of phyllosilicate and zeolite minerals

Che¹,

Glotch²,

Bish³

et al. 2011

J. Geophys. Res.

Self Cite

106

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“…Since the five membered ring (5MR) is one of the building blocks of the MTT framework [21], we could also assign the peaks at~551 cm −1 to indicate the presence of this ring in the MTT zeolite. Spectra bands at~784 cm −1 and 800 cm −1 are as a result of the symmetric stretching of the T-O atoms in the zeolite framework [22], while bands at~1079 cm −1 ,~1100 cm −1 ,~1204 cm −1 and 1235 cm −1 are due to T-O asymmetric stretching [23,24]. The presence of zeolite water in the MTT samples corresponds to bending and stretching bands of H 2 O molecules at~1625 cm −1 and~3450 cm −1 [25,26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of non-ionic surfactant in the microwave-assisted synthesis of MTT zeolite optimized by Taguchi method

Bakare

Muraza

Al-Amer

et al. 2015

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

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“…Heated samples were maintained at ~80°C to provide adequate emissivity signal. Previous work has shown that clay minerals do not fully dehydrate until exposed to temperatures of 100°C or higher and that spectral change does not occur until well above 100°C, as high as 500°C for some phyllosilicate samples [ Harris et al , ; Fitzgerald et al , ; Roch et al , ; Rocha , ; Carroll et al , ; Gavin and Chevrier , ; Che et al , ; Che and Glotch , ]. Therefore, dehydration via heating for emissivity measurements was not a concern.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent laboratory work confirms that experimental impacts disrupt MIR phyllosilicate spectra, whereas characteristic smectite VNIR spectral features are retained [ Gavin et al , ]. Previous experiments also demonstrated that thermal alteration causes spectral changes for both phyllosilicates and zeolites, primarily through the processes of dehydration and dehydroxylation [ Che et al , ; Che and Glotch , ]. Loizeau et al [] hypothesized that dehydration or dehydroxylation may be responsible for the apparent lack of phyllosilicates in one bright outcrop in the western part of Mawrth Vallis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work builds on that of Gavin et al [], providing spectroscopic analyses for one clay mineral over a range of impact pressures, using many laboratory and spectral analysis techniques. It also complements the broad spectroscopic analyses performed on thermally altered phyllosilicate and zeolite samples in Che et al [] and Che and Glotch [].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural and spectroscopic changes to natural nontronite induced by experimental impacts between 10 and 40 GPa

Friedlander

Glotch

Bish

et al. 2015

J. Geophys. Res. Planets

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Many phyllosilicate deposits remotely detected on Mars occur within bombarded terrains. Shock metamorphism from meteor impacts alters mineral structures, producing changed mineral spectra. Thus, impacts have likely affected the spectra of remotely sensed Martian phyllosilicates. We present spectral analysis results for a natural nontronite sample before and after laboratory-generated impacts over five peak pressures between 10 and 40 GPa. We conducted a suite of spectroscopic analyses to characterize the sample's impact-induced structural and spectral changes. Nontronite becomes increasingly disordered with increasing peak impact pressure. Every infrared spectroscopic technique used showed evidence of structural changes at shock pressures above~25 GPa. Reflectance spectroscopy in the visible near-infrared region is primarily sensitive to the vibrations of metal-OH and interlayer H 2 O groups in the nontronite octahedral sheet. Midinfrared (MIR) spectroscopic techniques are sensitive to the vibrations of silicon and oxygen in the nontronite tetrahedral sheet. Because the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets of nontronite deform differently, impact-driven structural deformation may contribute to differences in phyllosilicate detection between remote sensing techniques sensitive to different parts of the nontronite structure. Observed spectroscopic changes also indicated that the sample's octahedral and tetrahedral sheets were structurally deformed but not completely dehydroxylated. This finding is an important distinction from previous studies of thermally altered phyllosilicates in which dehydroxylation follows dehydration in a stepwise progression preceding structural deformation. Impact alteration may thus complicate mineral-specific identifications based on the location of OH-group bands in remotely detected spectra. This is a key implication for Martian remote sensing arising from our results.

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The effect of high temperatures on the mid-to-far-infrared emission and near-infrared reflectance spectra of phyllosilicates and natural zeolites: Implications for martian exploration

Cited by 46 publications

References 49 publications

Spectroscopic study of the dehydration and/or dehydroxylation of phyllosilicate and zeolite minerals

Spectroscopic study of the dehydration and/or dehydroxylation of phyllosilicate and zeolite minerals

The effect of non-ionic surfactant in the microwave-assisted synthesis of MTT zeolite optimized by Taguchi method

Structural and spectroscopic changes to natural nontronite induced by experimental impacts between 10 and 40 GPa

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