The effect of home bleaching agents on the surface roughness of five different composite resins: A SEM evaluation

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (HP) and carbamide peroxide (CP) on the surface roughness of five different composite resins using profilometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thirty-six specimens (1 mm thick, 10 mm in diameter) of five composite resins were fabricated. Each composite group was equally divided into three subgroups as control, CP and HP. In control group, specimens were stored in daily refreshed distilled water during the 14-day testing period. In other groups, 10% HP (Opalescence Treswhite) and 10% CP (Opalescence PF) were applied and surface roughness values (Ra) of each specimen were measured with a profilometer at the end of 14 days. Additionally, SEM analysis was performed to evaluate the surface deformations of composite resins. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Ra values of composite groups exposed to bleaching agents were statistically higher than control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between Ra values after HP and CP application within each composite group while SEM micrographs showed higher surface alterations at HP group compared to CP. Among the composite resins tested, Ceram-X Mono revealed the lowest Ra values after CP and HP applications as seen at SEM images. Home bleaching agents increased the surface roughness of all composites. Except CP applied Ceram-X mono specimens, Ra values of all composite resins evaluated in this study exceeded the critical limit of 0.2 μm. Ceram-X mono was the least affected composite material after bleaching application. SCANNING 38:277-283, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Changes in Optical Characteristics and Surface Topography of CAD/CAM Materials after Bleaching Applications: An AFM Evaluation

“…Increased surface roughness, which has been a major problem for clinicians and researchers, enhances discoloration and secondary caries with a biofilm accumulation as a consequence . The critical R a value causing biofilm accumulation was determined to be 0.2 µm .…”

“…When the bleaching procedure is applied, not only the teeth surfaces but also the surface of pre‐existing restorative materials come into contact with the bleaching agents. Although the bleaching procedure is demonstrated as safe and effective for dental hard tissues, it may not be safe for restorative materials which may be degraded or that have erosive characteristics . This may be explained by the absorption of chemical products through both the polymeric matrix and the matrix‐charge interface, which may cause the alteration of surface structure …”

“…Several studies have evaluated the effects of the bleaching agents on ceramics and composite resins. However, to the best of our knowledge, the available data regarding the effect of in‐office and at‐home bleaching on the optical and surface characteristics of resin nano‐ceramic and polymer‐infiltrated ceramic network CAD/CAM materials are limited.…”

Evaluation of three different decontamination techniques on biofilm formation, and on physical and chemical properties of resin composites

“…SEM images showed an increase in surface porosity for both resin composites decontaminated with the 1% chloramine‐T, suggesting an attack of the silicon fillers. Chloramine‐T behaves as an oxidizing agent and hydrogen peroxide, widely used in dentistry for tooth bleaching, is also considered a strong oxidizing agent . Cengiz et al (2016) noted an increase in surface roughness for resin composites when hydrogen peroxide was applied, accompanied by an increase in surface porosity under SEM analysis .…”

Effect of 15% Carbamide Peroxide on the Surface Roughness and Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to Microhybrid Composite Resin and Giomer

“…20,21 In addition, some studies have shown that SR of restorative materials increases after bleaching with carbamide peroxide. [22][23][24][25][26] Mohammadi et al, 27 too, showed a statistically significant difference in the SR of giomer before and after bleaching with carbamide peroxide. Since no studies are available on the adhesion of S. mutans to microhybrid composite resins, as they are the most commonly used tooth-colored restorative material, and giomer, which has antibacterial effects, after bleaching procedures, and considering the discrepancies in relation to the SR of these materials after bleaching, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of 15% carbamide peroxide and the material type on the adhesion of S. mutans and SR of these materials.…”