Orodental problems have long been managed using herbal medicine. The development of nanoparticle formulations with herbal medicine has now become a breakthrough in dentistry because the synthesis of biogenic metal nanoparticles (MNPs) using plant extracts can address the drawbacks of herbal treatments. Green production of MNPs such as Ag, Au, and Fe nanoparticles enhanced by plant extracts has been proven to be beneficial in managing numerous orodental disorders, even outperforming traditional materials. Nanostructures are utilized in dental advances and diagnostics. Oral disease prevention medicines, prostheses, and tooth implantation all employ nanoparticles. Nanomaterials can also deliver oral fluid or pharmaceuticals, treating oral cancers and providing a high level of oral healthcare. These are also found in toothpaste, mouthwash, and other dental care products. However, there is a lack of understanding about the safety of nanomaterials, necessitating additional study. Many problems, including medication resistance, might be addressed using nanoparticles produced by green synthesis. This study reviews the green synthesis of MNPs applied in dentistry in recent studies (2010–2021).

No abstract

The state-of-the-art approach to regenerating different tissues and organs is tissue engineering which includes the three parts of stem cells (SCs), scaffolds, and growth factors. Cellular behaviors such as propagation, differentiation, and assembling the extracellular matrix (ECM) are influenced by the cell’s microenvironment. Imitating the cell’s natural environment, such as scaffolds, is vital to create appropriate tissue. Craniofacial tissue engineering refers to regenerating tissues found in the brain and the face parts such as bone, muscle, and artery. More biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds are more commensurate with tissue remodeling and more appropriate for cell culture, signaling, and adhesion. Synthetic materials play significant roles and have become more prevalent in medical applications. They have also been used in different forms for producing a microenvironment as ECM for cells. Synthetic scaffolds may be comprised of polymers, bioceramics, or hybrids of natural/synthetic materials. Synthetic scaffolds have produced ECM-like materials that can properly mimic and regulate the tissue microenvironment’s physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological properties, manage adherence of biomolecules and adjust the material’s degradability. The present review article is focused on synthetic materials used in craniofacial tissue engineering in recent decades.

Purpose. Guided tissue reconstruction can be performed to restore the supporting structure of a previously lost tooth, which, in addition to maintaining beauty, preserves the function of the tooth in the patient. Materials and Methods. In this review, Scopus, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases were searched using the keywords “biocompatible materials,” “membrane,” “bone regeneration,” “tissue reconstruction,” and “dental biomaterials.” Overall, 150 articles were reviewed, and finally, 107 articles published during 2000–2021 were included in the final paper. Results. Studies have been conducted on a variety of membranes in both clinical and experimental settings. The first half of this article explores the different kinds of membranes and diverse classes of biomaterials used in these procedures. Secondly, biomaterials are examined for their therapeutic uses such as growth factors, stem cells, and gene delivery vehicles. Conclusion. If a tooth has been extracted or if the gums have been infected with periodontal disease, guided bone regeneration procedures may be used to restore the lost bone. Recent years have seen a variety of approaches to regenerating these tissues. To prevent nonossifying cells from entering, membranes are heavily employed during guided rebuilding.

Considering the benefits of the FMD method, such as patient and dentist comfort, systemic effects, and its cost-effectiveness, use of this method is suggested in patients suffering from periodontitis.