Abstract:In order to understand the biological activity of humic substances (HS), the effect of four humic acids (HA) and one fulvic acid (FA) on seed germination and early growth of cosmopolitan weed Chenopodium album agg. were tested. Humic substances of diverse origin were used, namely purified commercial HA, HA isolated from lignite, cambisol and podzol, and FA from mountain spruce forest soil. Data processing by two-way ANOVA has shown that type of the tested substances was a more important factor on seed developm… Show more
“…The findings of this experiment suggest that the highest germination percentage for varieties belongs to G1 and that, when they were exposed to germination promoters, HS achieved a higher germination for both G1 and G2 (Table 2 and 3). These results match the findings of authors such as Rodrigues et al (2017) and Šerá and Novák (2011), who assessed the effect of treating maize seeds with a humic acid-based commercial product and found that humic acid promotes a greater growth of seedlings, in addition to greater dry mass of maize sprouts. These results have a positive influence on the emergence rate index, up to doses of 158 mL 100 kg 1 seeds.…”
Section: Germination Percentagesupporting
confidence: 89%
“…These results have a positive influence on the emergence rate index, up to doses of 158 mL 100 kg 1 seeds. For their part, Šerá and Novák (2011) used seeds of Lamb's Quarters (Chenopodium album agg.) and determined that the main differences in germination and length of sprouts occurred during the first days of the experiment.…”
Objective: Plant life begins at germination. Stimulating germination with chemical methods can be advantageous. The pregerminative treatment of four promoters was determined in two maize genotypes (G1, G2).
Design/methodology/approach: Sixty seeds per Petri dish were used as experimental unit with three repetitions, organized in a completely randomized 2×4 factorial design. Two factors were taken into consideration: A) Genotypes (G1, G2); and B) four pregerminative promoters. The genotypes were Antelope G1 and yellow Antelope G2. Meanwhile, the pregerminative promoters were salicylic acid (C7H6O3) (SA), citrulline (C6H13N3O3) (CI), humic substances derived from leonardite (HS), and tap water (TW), in 1000-ppm concentrations. The following variables were evaluated: germination percentage (GP)/days-1, radicle diameter (RD), radicle length (RL), and number of lateral seminal roots (NSR). An analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α £ 0.05) were performed.
Results: The germination promoters were highly significant in both genotypes, as well as during the promoter-genotype interaction. G1 and G2 means showed a higher growth and development for humic substances (HS) during germination in the NSR.
Study Limitations/Implications: Germination can be inhibited, if the promoters are overweighted.
Findings/Conclusions: The best genotype and germination promoter (G2) had a 94% effectiveness and HS at 1000 ppm. CI and SA registered the lowest GP.
“…The findings of this experiment suggest that the highest germination percentage for varieties belongs to G1 and that, when they were exposed to germination promoters, HS achieved a higher germination for both G1 and G2 (Table 2 and 3). These results match the findings of authors such as Rodrigues et al (2017) and Šerá and Novák (2011), who assessed the effect of treating maize seeds with a humic acid-based commercial product and found that humic acid promotes a greater growth of seedlings, in addition to greater dry mass of maize sprouts. These results have a positive influence on the emergence rate index, up to doses of 158 mL 100 kg 1 seeds.…”
Section: Germination Percentagesupporting
confidence: 89%
“…These results have a positive influence on the emergence rate index, up to doses of 158 mL 100 kg 1 seeds. For their part, Šerá and Novák (2011) used seeds of Lamb's Quarters (Chenopodium album agg.) and determined that the main differences in germination and length of sprouts occurred during the first days of the experiment.…”
Objective: Plant life begins at germination. Stimulating germination with chemical methods can be advantageous. The pregerminative treatment of four promoters was determined in two maize genotypes (G1, G2).
Design/methodology/approach: Sixty seeds per Petri dish were used as experimental unit with three repetitions, organized in a completely randomized 2×4 factorial design. Two factors were taken into consideration: A) Genotypes (G1, G2); and B) four pregerminative promoters. The genotypes were Antelope G1 and yellow Antelope G2. Meanwhile, the pregerminative promoters were salicylic acid (C7H6O3) (SA), citrulline (C6H13N3O3) (CI), humic substances derived from leonardite (HS), and tap water (TW), in 1000-ppm concentrations. The following variables were evaluated: germination percentage (GP)/days-1, radicle diameter (RD), radicle length (RL), and number of lateral seminal roots (NSR). An analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α £ 0.05) were performed.
Results: The germination promoters were highly significant in both genotypes, as well as during the promoter-genotype interaction. G1 and G2 means showed a higher growth and development for humic substances (HS) during germination in the NSR.
Study Limitations/Implications: Germination can be inhibited, if the promoters are overweighted.
Findings/Conclusions: The best genotype and germination promoter (G2) had a 94% effectiveness and HS at 1000 ppm. CI and SA registered the lowest GP.
“…All the experiments were performed in duplicate. Germination tests were not performed, since they have been already studied for the humic acid extracted from South-Moravian lignite by Šerá and Novák (2011), when germination stimulating effects have been proven for this humic acid even on non-cultural plant of Lamb’s Quarters ( Chenopodium album ). Similarly, the stress tests on the plants have not been applied, since the plants seemed to present uniform leave numbers, lengths and areas and these would be far beyond the scope of this work.Figure 1
Placing the germs in testing polystyrene containers, with 30 germs per container and each 5 of them placed in a marked position on a floating styrofoam bed to be observed later for root length and division.…”
The positive effect of humic acids on the growth of plant roots is well known, however, the mechanisms and role of their physical structure in these processes have not been fully explained yet. In this work, South-Moravian lignite was oxidized by means of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide to produce a set of regenerated humic acids. The elemental composition, solid state stability and solution characteristics were determined and correlated in vitro with their biological activity. A modified hydroponic method was applied to determine the effects of their potassium salts on Zea mays seedlings roots with respect to the plant weight, root length, root division, and starch and protein content. The relations between the determined parameters were evaluated through Principal Component Analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The results indicated that the most important factor determining the biological activity of South-Moravian lignite potassium humates is related to the nature of self-assemblies, while the chemical composition had no direct connection with the root growth of Zea mays seedlings. It was demonstrated a controlled processing that provided humic substances with different chemical and physicochemical properties and variable biological activity.
“…Moreover, Gupta and Gupta (2011) reported a similar effect on okra seeds germination when sowing was performed 6 to 18 h after treatment with anaerobically digested poultry manure. This negative effect has been explained by the existence of humic acids in digested manure that formed during anaerobic digestion (Bacilio et al 2003;Šerá and Novák 2011). In another study, Kaparaju et al (2012) reported that anaerobically digested orange waste have a toxic effect on seeds germination of Chinese cabbage and they referred this toxicity to ammonia and organic acids in the digestate.…”
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effect of time interval between sowing and amendment with non-digested and digested poultry manure and their combinations with urea on the germination of three wheat cultivars (Slambo, Acsad, and Karim) in the desert soil. Methods The cultivars were sown on four different dates, i.e. directly, 10, 20 and 30 days after amendment. Fertilizers were applied at a rate of 350 kg Tot N ha −1. The germinated seeds were recorded daily starting at day 4 after sowing until day 14 after which the following germination attributes were calculated: time to reach 50% germination (T 50%), final germination percentage (FGP) and germination index (GI). Additionally, radicle length, plumule length and seedling dry weight were also determined. Results Sowing near to the application delayed and reduced seeds germination particularly in the treatments amended with non-digested and digested manure in combination urea. This was confirmed by all germination attributes, i.e. high values of T 50% and low values of FGP and GI. Moreover, sowing near to the application reduced the length of plumule and radicle as well as decreased seedling dry weight of all wheat cultivars. Conclusion Results suggested that prolonging the period between amendments and sowing to 20 or 30 days would give better germination attributes and increase plumule and radicle length plus increasing seedling dry weight.
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