The effect of humidity on the durability of aluminium-epoxide joints

Brewis, D.M.; Comyn, J.; Raval, Abid; Kinloch, A. J.

doi:10.1016/0143-7496(90)90042-v

Cited by 77 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The concept that a minimum, or critical, concentration of water needs to be present in order for the mechanism of environmental attack to proceed has been previously suggested (e.g. [11,12]) and obviously is in agreement with the transition currently observed between the 'Region I' and the 'Region III' behaviour, as discussed in detail below. Secondly, for the 'GBS'-pretreated joints the levels of G c are significantly higher for both 'Region I' and 'Region III' behaviour.…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

Crack Growth of Structural Adhesive Joints in Humid Environments

Korenberg¹,

Kinloch²,

Watts

2004

The Journal of Adhesion

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The adhesive fracture energy, G c , of aluminium-alloy and steel joints, bonded with a rubbertoughened epoxy adhesive, has been measured using monotonically-loaded tests. Such tests have been conducted at different levels of relative humidity and two surface pretreatments have been employed for the substrates prior to bonding: a simple grit-blast and degrease ('GBD') pretreatment or a silane primer ('GBS') pretreatment. When G c was plotted against the crack velocity, three regions of fracture behaviour could be distinguished. At low rates of displacement the crack grew in a stable manner, visually along the interface, and relatively low crack velocities could be readily measured. This was termed 'Region I' and here the value of the adhesive fracture energy was relatively low and decreased steadily as the relative humidity was increased. On the other hand, at relatively high rates of displacement the crack grew in a stick-slip manner mainly cohesively in the adhesive layer at approximately 20 km/minute. This was termed 'Region III', and here the value of G c was relatively high and independent of the relative humidity. In this region the crack was considered to grow faster than the water molecules were able to reach the crack tip, which explains the independence of G c upon the test environment. In between 'Region I' and 'Region III', a transition region was observed which was designated as 'Region II'. The major effect of the 'GBS' pretreatment, compared to the 'GBD' pretreatment, was to increase the value of G c both in 'Regions I and III', although the presence of the silane primer had the greater effect in 'Region I'. INTRODUCTIONThe use of structural adhesives offers many advantages when compared with other more traditional joining methods such as welding, riveting and mechanical fasteners [1]. However, as with any technology, there are some potential disadvantages associated with the use of adhesives.In particular, adhesive joints may suffer environmental attack when exposed to relatively hot and humid environments. The development of a sound accelerated-ageing test method to assess the susceptibility of an adhesive 'system' (i.e. the adhesive/primer (if any)/substrate and substrate surface pretreatment in combination) to such attack would represent a significant advance, especially if such tests could be completed in a relatively short time-scale [2].The aim of a sound and meaningful accelerated ageing test must be to accelerate the mechanisms of attack seen during the service-life of the bonded joint, and not to induce misleading and irrelevant mechanisms. For example, it is well known that to accelerate the rate of environmental attack it is not possible simply to raise the temperature of the environment, since unrealistically high test temperatures will indeed change the mechanisms of attack. One method of accelerating the rate of attack which has recently been explored in detail by Kinloch and coworkers (e.g. [3]) has been the use of cyclic-fatigue tests, using a fracture-mechanics approach, conducte...

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supporting

confidence: 66%

Crack Growth of Structural Adhesive Joints in Humid Environments

Korenberg¹,

Kinloch²,

Watts

2004

The Journal of Adhesion

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“…Despite numerous reports on the loss of strength in adhesively bonded joints immersed in water or exposed to highly humid conditions, some researchers have observed no joint degradation after prolonged exposure to lower humidity conditions [131][132][133][134][135][136]. These observations led Gledhill et al [131] to specify a critical moisture content in the adhesive and a corresponding relative humidity in the air, below which no joint weakening would occur.…”

Section: Effect Of Moisture On Adhesively Bonded Jointsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Environmental durability of adhesively bonded FRP/steel joints in civil engineering applications: State of the art

Heshmati

Haghani

Al‐Emrani

2015

Composites Part B: Engineering

194

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“…The experiments were carried out at room temperature and relative humidity 50%. Brewis et al showed that the failure load was not affected up to 50% of relative humidity in bonded joints with epoxy adhesives [47].…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The investigation of effect of adherend thickness on scarf lap joints

Adin¹

2013

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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In this paper, the mechanical behavior of the Scarf Lap Joints (SLJs) bonded with adhesive under a tensile load was analyzed. The effects of adherend thickness at the interface stress-strain distributions of SLJs were examined. The stress-strain analyses were performed by Finite Element Method (3D-FEM). The 3D-FEM code was employed with Ansys (Ver.12.0.1). Experimental results were compared with the 3D-FEM results and were found quite reasonable. It was concluded that both experimental and 3D-FEM failure loads were increased with increased adherend thickness. The results indicated that the maximum failure loads were determined at t=8 mm in all joints. The analysis of the SLJs under tensile load showed that the stress and strain concentrations occurred around the edges of the joints.

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The effect of humidity on the durability of aluminium-epoxide joints

Cited by 77 publications

References 12 publications

Crack Growth of Structural Adhesive Joints in Humid Environments

Crack Growth of Structural Adhesive Joints in Humid Environments

Environmental durability of adhesively bonded FRP/steel joints in civil engineering applications: State of the art

The investigation of effect of adherend thickness on scarf lap joints

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