The Effect of Hypertension Duration and the Age of Onset on CV Risk Factors Expression in Perimenopausal Women

Majnarić, Ljiljana Trtica; Martinovic, Ivo; Šabanović, Šefket; Rudan, Stjepan; Babič, František; Wittlinger, Thomas

doi:10.1155/2019/9848125

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These changes in the female CV risk profile, after the age of 50 (the average age of menopause), are difficult to distinguish from age-related changes in CV risk factors [ 14 ]. Changes in body shape and composition, which occur with aging, including loss of muscle mass and increase in fat tissue, in particular visceral fat tissue, may exaggerate inflammatory response and induce peripheral tissue resistance to insulin, predisposing older individuals to metabolic disorders, hypertension, and the development of the structural changes of the CV system [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Proposed Underlying Mechanisms Of Differences Between Men and Women In Cardiovascular Disease Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Cardiovascular Risk Marker May Be Less Efficient in Women Than in Men

et al. 2021

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women, although traditionally, it has been considered as a male dominated disease. Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance, diabetes type 2 and CVD. Since studies on women were scarce, in order to improve diagnosis and treatment of CVD, there is a need to improve understanding of the role of inflammation in the development of CVD in women. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inexpensive and widely available marker of inflammation, and has been studied in cardio-metabolic disorders. There is a paucity of data on sex specific differences in the lifetime course of NLR. Men and women differ to each other in sex hormones and characteristics of immune reaction and the expression of CVD. These factors can determine NLR values and their variations along the life course. In particular, menopause in women is a period associated with profound physiological and hormonal changes, and is coincidental with aging. An emergence of CV risk factors with aging, and age-related changes in the immune system, are factors that are associated with an increase in prevalence of CVD in both sexes. The aim of this review is to comprehend the available evidence on this issue, and to discuss sex specific differences in the lifetime course of NLR in the light of immune and inflammation mechanisms.

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Section: Proposed Underlying Mechanisms Of Differences Between Men and Women In Cardiovascular Disease Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Cardiovascular Risk Marker May Be Less Efficient in Women Than in Men

et al. 2021

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“…In this study it was also found that the duration of hypertension increased the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. [22], [23] The metabolic syndrome (hypertension and type 2 diabetes) with a family history of chronic disease so it can be said that there is a significant relationship between the metabolic syndrome (hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus) and a family history of chronic disease. Which states that family history is one of the parameters incorporated in several genetic substances including perisoxome proliferators, CD3C adiponectin, Badrenergic receptors, insulin substrate receptors, Bdihydroxylated dehydrogenases, and adipocytokines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome (Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2)

Masriadi¹,

Gobel²,

Adam³

et al. 2022

Advances in Health Sciences Research

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Metabolic Syndrome (SM) is a complex metabolic disorder caused by obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome continues to increase from year to year in Ternate Maluku Regency. This can be seen from the prevalence of cases, namely 27. 9% (2017), 30.6% (2018), and 45.5% (2019), 50.5 (2020). This is due to lifestyle factors, inadequate physical activity, family history and age factors. The research design used was observational with a cross sectional study design. The research design used was observational with a cross sectional study design. The number of samples consisted of 128 respondents with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 64 respondents with hypertension. The sample collection technique was a non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling. The sample used in this study were outpatients at the Siko Health Center in Ternate City who met the following criteria: outpatients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, had metabolic syndrome, and underwent examination blood sugar and fat profile laboratory. Data analysis using the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. The results obtained were that there was a significant relationship between metabolic syndrome with the length of time suffering from p-value 0.000 <α (0.05), family history of disease p-value 0.019 <α (0.05), physical activity p-value 0.000 <α (0.05), dietary pattern p-value 0.001 <α (0.05) and age p-value 0.000 <α (0.05). There was no significant relationship between metabolic syndrome and smoking status p-value 0.309> α (0.05). Family history of chronic disease, long suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, lack of physical activity, poor diet are determinants of metabolic syndrome.

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“…In this study, we aimed to identify the patterns of inflammatory markers that are involved in certain clinical contexts, determined by age and gender of patients with DM2 and including also information on DM2 and hypertension duration and the time of onset, as the core framework for determining these patterns. By keeping in mind that the scored values of markers of inflammation stay in a balance with the net effect of disorders that can influence their values, phenotypes indicated by the clusters provided insights into the phases of inflammatory responses that are involved in strictly defined clinical frameworks, thus being reflective of the dynamics of developing DM2-associated comorbidities [ 3 , 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, in this study, sex dimorphism may have influenced the distribution of comorbidities in the clusters. Specifically, in women, as we emphasized in our previous studies, the transition from pre- to postmenopause and the early postmenopausal period are critical periods in women’s lives when CV risk factors are significantly modified, which specifically in women can add to the diversity of DM2-related phenotypes [ 44 , 68 ]. Some other studies have also provided important insights into the reasons for the heterogeneity of older patients with DM2, indicating factors such as the current patient age and DM2 duration and age of onset [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clustering Inflammatory Markers with Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Diabetes Type 2 Can Support Family Physicians’ Clinical Reasoning by Reducing Patients’ Complexity

et al. 2021

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Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a complex disease associated with chronic inflammation, end-organ damage, and multiple comorbidities. Initiatives are emerging for a more personalized approach in managing DM2 patients. We hypothesized that by clustering inflammatory markers with variables indicating the sociodemographic and clinical contexts of patients with DM2, we could gain insights into the hidden phenotypes and the underlying pathophysiological backgrounds thereof. We applied the k-means algorithm and a total of 30 variables in a group of 174 primary care (PC) patients with DM2 aged 50 years and above and of both genders. We included some emerging markers of inflammation, specifically, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the cytokines IL-17A and IL-37. Multiple regression models were used to assess associations of inflammatory markers with other variables. Overall, we observed that the cytokines were more variable than the marker NLR. The set of inflammatory markers was needed to indicate the capacity of patients in the clusters for inflammatory cell recruitment from the circulation to the tissues, and subsequently for the progression of end-organ damage and vascular complications. The hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid hormonal axis, in addition to the cytokine IL-37, may have a suppressive, inflammation-regulatory role. These results can help PC physicians with their clinical reasoning by reducing the complexity of diabetic patients.

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The Effect of Hypertension Duration and the Age of Onset on CV Risk Factors Expression in Perimenopausal Women

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Cardiovascular Risk Marker May Be Less Efficient in Women Than in Men

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Cardiovascular Risk Marker May Be Less Efficient in Women Than in Men

Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome (Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2)

Clustering Inflammatory Markers with Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Diabetes Type 2 Can Support Family Physicians’ Clinical Reasoning by Reducing Patients’ Complexity

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