The effect ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeon antioxidant system of grape leaves infected by downy mildew

Abstract

In this article, results of the comparative analysis and assessment of resistance of two grape cultivars Vostorg and Muscat blanc against downy mildew disease (Plasmopara viticola) with or without the symbiote Saccharomyces cerevisiae (vine yeast) were shown. The highly resistant cultivar Vostorg with yeast pre-treatment demonstrated a high defensive capability to the pathogen due to the fast immune response. On the first day after inoculation with downy downy mildew the rapid increase in the hydrogen peroxide, which is involved the first step of the grape’s defense system induction, was observed. At the same time, the upregulation of the relative expression of the PR2 protein (β-1,3-gluconase), a key gene involved in the plant’s resistance to pathogens. The oxidative burst was not detected in the susceptible cultivar Muscat blanc for the couple of hours after inoculation with downy mildew pathogen. The significant increase of the total phenols content and expression of stilbene synthase, which is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of phytoalexins, was observed in leaves of Muscat blanc. It was shown that pre-treatment of grape leaves with natural symbiote S. cerevisiae enhanced the immune response of the resistant cultivar Vostorg and inducted phytoalexins synthesis in the susceptible cultivar Muscat blanc.

Holistic understanding of the response of grapevines to foliar application of seaweed extracts

“…Therefore, aside from the accumulation of putative cells coming from the algae extract, the enrichment of S. cerevisiae in the leaf samples could in part be due to the response of the indigenous microbiota of the leaves to the treatments. While we cannot confirm S. cerevisiae activity, as amplicon sequencing method does not allow dead and active organisms to be discerned, studies conducted by (Mishko and Lutsky, 2020) evidenced that a pre-treatment of grape leaves with S. cerevisiae enhanced the immune response of a Plasmopara viticola resistant vine cultivar, while it induced phytoalexin synthesis (stilbenes) in a susceptible variety prior to the disease infection.…”

Plant Resistance Inducers Affect Multiple Epidemiological Components of Plasmopara viticola on Grapevine Leaves

“…In a global transcriptome analysis of grapevine leaves sprayed at 1-week intervals, CER caused an increase in the expression of several genes related to defense responses to pathogens and other stresses, along with the down-regulation of genes involved in several processes related to plant growth and development. Mishko and Lutsky [ 46 , 79 ] observed that the application of S. cerevisiae —from which CER is extracted—enhanced the immune response in a DM-resistant grape variety and inducted the synthesis of phytoalexins in a susceptible variety. No direct effect of CER has been documented so far, unlike for some hydrolytic enzymes and VOCs volatile organic compounds produced by S. cerevisiae that demonstrated antifungal activity against Colletotrichum acutatum on citrus [ 80 ].…”

Traditional and Emerging Approaches for Disease Management of Plasmopara viticola, Causal Agent of Downy Mildew of Grape

“…The pre-treatment of grape leaves with symbiote Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) increased hydrogen peroxide and the expression of the protein (β-1,3-gluconase) in the resistant cultivar Vostorg, while expression of stilbene synthase increased in the susceptible cultivar Muscat Blanc [117]. Both cultivars had significant reductions in downy mildew sporulation in leaf assays [117]. Extracts of this yeast are used in several commercial formulations, including Romeo ® and K&A Oomisine ® , as a resistance inducer against downy and powdery mildew.…”