The effect of incomplete milking or of an extended milking interval on the yield and composition of cow's milk

Wheelock, J. V.; Rook, J. A. F.; Dodd, F. H.

doi:10.1017/s0022029900018604

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We did detect a significant decrease in milk lactose percentage, and combined with MPR, the difference in lactose yield between the treatment and control half-udders was, on average, 0.82 kg/d compared with 1.13 kg/d, a decrease of 27%. This finding was in general agreement with decreases in lactose concentration reported by Wheelock et al (1965), Holmes et al (1992), and Stelwagen et al (1994). With the decrease in milk lactose percentage, we might have expected to see an increase in milk fat percentage, protein percentage, or both, but this was not the case.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of incomplete milking on milk production rate and composition with 2 daily milkings

Penry

Endres

Bruijn

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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The primary aim of this study was to assess the effects of incomplete milking on milk secretion and milk composition at the quarter level. Twelve cows were enrolled beginning at 5 d in milk and remained on study through 47 d in milk. Half of each contralateral udder was incompletely milked (treatment), detaching the teat cup early to leave approximately 30% of the total milk yield behind. This target milk remaining in the gland was based on weekly calibration milking measurements of quarter total milk yield. Control quarters were milked completely until milk flow had decreased to 0 kg/min based on visual assessment. Harvested milk yield was measured twice daily at each milking, and milk components (fat, protein, lactose, solids nonfat, milk urea nitrogen) and somatic cell count, were measured twice weekly at the quarter level. The experimental unit in this design was the half-udder, and a mixed-model approach was used to assess the main and interactive effects of experiment week and treatment on milk production rate, milk remaining in the gland, and milk composition. The effect of treatment on milk production rate was significant, with the average control half-udder producing 0.97 kg/h and the treatment half-udder 0.73 kg/h. The effect of week on milk production rate and the interaction of week × treatment were also significant. The effect of treatment on milk remaining in the gland was significant, illustrating that an increase in milk remaining in the cisternal compartment had been achieved. We detected a significant decrease in milk lactose percentage in treatment half-udders, and a significant increase in somatic cell count (log). The increase was relatively small, from a geometric mean of 26,300 cells/mL in control quarters to 48,300 cells/mL in treatment quarters. The decrease in milk production rate in treatment half-udders supports current knowledge about how mammary epithelial cell secretion, proliferation, and apoptosis are modulated by autocrine-paracrine factors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of incomplete milking on milk production rate and composition with 2 daily milkings

Penry

Endres

Bruijn

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…The most constant change detected on frequent milking is a fall in 344J.LLIZ L K concentration, but this is often accompanied by a rise in Na and Cl and a fall in lactose. In cows similar changes have been produced by the distension, due to leaving the milk in the udder for long periods (Wheelock, Rook & Dodd, 1965a), and by oxytocin (Mackenzie & Lascelles, 1965;Wheelock, Rook & Dodd, 1965b), a finding which the present results suggest is due to the magnitude of the doses usually employed. It is also well known that the same changes occur in the milk secreted by diseased glands, and in very low yielding glands in late lactation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

The effect of very frequent milking and of oxytocin on the yield and composition of milk in fed and fasted goats

Linzell¹

1967

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The effect of milking goats 1-4 times an hour for 3-12 hr on the yield and composition of milk has been studied in fed and fasted animals at all stages of lactation.2. It was essential to inject oxytocin (50-400 m-u. i.v.) just before each milking to remove all the milk already in the udder and then the yield was similar to that obtained on twice daily milking (105 + 2 1 S.E. %). There were no significant differences between goats or between the two glands of one goat, even if one had been denervated by autotransplantation. However, the variation from hour to hour was 1F5 times greater than from day to day.3. The claim of Zaks (1964) and Zaks, Natochin, Sokolova, Tanasichuk & Tverskoy (1965) that milking every 15 min always produces a large rise in milk Na and a fall in K and lactose, which is characteristic of alveolar milk, is not substantiated. In high yielding goats milking gently by hand or with a cannula caused a small change in K only, but vigorous hand milking exacerbated this fall and also caused a fall in lactose and a rise in Na and Cl. Still larger changes were produced by using excessively large doses of oxytocin (2500 m-u.) when there was also a rise in citrate and total nitrogen. Hourly milking in goats fasted for 24 hr had the same effect.4. In fasted goats the milk yield fell to 90 % within 8 hr and to 56 + 2 1 % of the previous level by 24 hr. It remained at this level for a further 10-12 hr on twice daily or on hourly milking. The yields of autotransplanted glands usually fell slightly but significantly more than that of the glands in situ. In most goats mammary blood flow was halved but in all animals there were large falls in mammary uptake of glucose, acetate and amino acids and greatly increased uptake of free fatty acids. There were significant differences between fasted goats on hourly milking.5. It is concluded that, in spite of changes in milk composition, milking hourly can be a useful technique for studying milk secretion. The striking effects of a short fast in a lactating animal are emphasized.

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“…Materials and methods); and iii) a more severe restriction of milking frequency than was used in this trial (1/day) had no carryover effect on milk yield or an apparently low effect (Stelwagen et al, 1994). Recovery of control milk composition is even more rapid than that of milk yield (Wheelock et al, 1965) once control milking frequency was resumed.…”

Section: Milk Yieldmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effects of milking three times in 2 days for 3 weeks in early lactation or in the declining phase on milk production in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows

Rémond¹,

Boit²

1997

Ann. Zootech.

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Summary — Fifty-two Holstein cows (26 primiparous) were assigned at calving to two milking frequencies: either twice daily (6 h and 17 h; control) or three times/2 days (6 h, 20 h and 14 h of the following day) during the first 3 weeks of lactation and then twice daily for at least 5 weeks. Nine weeks after the last calving (at the end of the 3rd month of lactation, on average) each of the four groups (primiparous or multiparous cows x twice daily milking/day or three times milking/2 days in early lactation) that were being milked twice daily, was divided into two sub-groups: one continued to be milked twice daily whereas the other was milked three times/2 days for 3 weeks and then twice daily. All cows were fed ad libitum the same complete diet based on grass silage. In early lactation, milking three times/2 days decreased the milk yield (3.4 kg/day; 16%), increased the fat (5.0 g/kg) and protein (2.2 g/kg) contents and decreased the lactose content (1.5 g/kg) in primiparous cows. In multiparous cows, the milk changes (-0.7 kg, + 0.9 g fat/kg, + 0.6 g proteins/kg) were not significant. The energy balance was not changed. During the declining phase of lactation, milking three times/2 days reduced secretion of milk, fat, proteins and lactose by about 10% in both categories of cows. The milk composition remained unchanged. Food intake was not affected but the energy balance was improved. dairy cow / milk production / milking frequency / stage of lactation / lactation rank Résumé — Effet de la traite 3 fois en 2 j pendant les 3 premières semaines de la lactation ou pendant la phase descendante, sur la production laitière de vaches primipares ou multipares. (vaches primipares ou multipares x traite deux fois/jour ou trois fois/2 j en début de lactation), qui était alors trait deux fois/jour, a été subdivisé en deux sous-lots : l'un a continué à être trait deux fois/jour alors que l'autre a été trait trois fois/2 j pendant 3 semaines, puis de nouveau deux fois par jour. Tous les animaux ont été alimentés à volonté avec la même ration complète à base d'ensilage d'herbe. La traite trois fois/2 j en début de lactation a, chez les primipares, diminué la quantité de lait sécré-tée de 3,4 kg/jour (16 %), augmenté les teneurs du lait en matières grasses (5,0 g/kg) et en protéines (2,2 g/kg), et diminué la teneur en lactose ( 1,5 g/kg). Chez les multipares, les modifications de sécré-tion laitière (-0,7 kg lait, + 0,9 g matières grasses et + 0,6 g de protéines/kg) n'ont pas été significatives. Le bilan énergétique n'a pas été modifié. Pendant la phase descendante de la lactation (début du 4 e mois de lactation en moyenne), la traite trois fois/2 j a réduit les quantités de

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The effect of incomplete milking or of an extended milking interval on the yield and composition of cow's milk

Cited by 29 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of incomplete milking on milk production rate and composition with 2 daily milkings

Effect of incomplete milking on milk production rate and composition with 2 daily milkings

The effect of very frequent milking and of oxytocin on the yield and composition of milk in fed and fasted goats

Effects of milking three times in 2 days for 3 weeks in early lactation or in the declining phase on milk production in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows

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