The Effect of Increased Temperatures on Viability, Morphology, Infectivity, and Development of Eimeria Tenella

Schneiders, Gustavo H.; Foutz, James C.; Fuller, Alberta L.; Nelson, Jill R.; Rekaya, Romdhane; Aggrey, Samuel E.

doi:10.1645/19-17

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The reduction in oocyst shedding of E. acervulina 10 and E. tenella 9 under conditions has been previously reported. Similarly, HSi chickens also presented a significant reduction in oocyst shedding at 7 dpi as compared to TNi chickens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…E. maxima causes congestion and edema, cellular infiltration, thickening of the mucosa, with the later generations of schizonts and sexual stages developing deeper in the tissues, causing considerable disruption of the mucosa 2 , forming a port of entry for secondary infections such as necrotic enteritis 11 . We have previously reported the shortened life cycle of E. tenella under HS in vitro and in vivo, as evidenced by the reduction in merozoite replication and consequently oocyst shedding 9 . The objective of this study is to understand some of the underlying mechanisms of the detrimental effect of HS on Eimeria spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Heat stress reduces sexual development and affects pathogenesis of Eimeria maxima in meat-type chickens

Schneiders

Foutz

Milfort

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria spp. presents a self-limiting intestinal infection of poultry. intestinal replication of the parasite causes severe morphological alterations to the host gastrointestinal tract, marked, among others, by the disruption of the intestinal barrier. We have previously reported a significant reduction in merozoite replication and oocyst shedding in E. tenella in vitro and in vivo. the objective of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of E. maxima infection in broiler chickens under heat stress (HS) and mRNA expression of host cytokines that might affect the curtailed development of the parasite. We herein demonstrate that there is a significant detrimental effect of HS on the pathogenesis of E. maxima infection in broilers. there was a restricted replication of the parasite in HS chickens evidenced by significantly reduced oocyst shedding and disruption of the intestinal blood barrier. Gene expression of parasite genes demonstrated curtailed sexual reproduction of E. maxima in HS chickens. there was downregulation of Eimeria spp. genes related to gamete fusion, oocyst shedding, mitosis and spermiogenesis. Host gene expression indicates alterations in the cytokine expression that could be related to reduced parasite development in vivo. Eimeria spp. is an apicomplexan parasite, the causative agent of coccidiosis, a disease of high economic impact in poultry production worldwide. The parasite's life-cycle is comprised of several cycles of endogenous asexual replication followed by sexual development that results in the formation of the oocysts, later excreted in the feces 1. Eimeria (E.) maxima is one of the seven recognized species of coccidia that infect the chicken. The disease is marked by reduced growth, apathy, diarrhea and in severe cases, mortality. Clinical signs often include emaciation, pallor, roughening of feathers and anorexia. Abundance of yellow-orange mucus and fluid in the distal portion of the jejunum and proximal portion of the ileum, edema, thickening and disruption of the mucosa and sometimes presence of blood in the intestinal lumen are observed at necropsy 2. Heat stress (HS) is one of the major environmental problems of poultry production in tropical and subtropical regions. Stress is a predisposing factor of immunosuppression in broilers, offering a good opportunity to normal commensals to induce infection and disease 3-5. Heat stress has been reported to enhance pathogen attachment, colonization, shedding, reduce intestinal crypt depth and impact food safety risks 5-8. The increase in pathogen colonization in heat stressed chickens is believed to be related to the disturbances in microbiota composition, thereby leading to a loss of protection against pathogenic microorganisms 8. Contrary to the detrimental effects of HS in the outcome of infection with most poultry pathogens, we have previously demonstrated that the increase in 2 °C in the temperature of incubation of E. tenella significantly reduces asexual replication in vitro and that HS significantly...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Heat stress reduces sexual development and affects pathogenesis of Eimeria maxima in meat-type chickens

Schneiders

Foutz

Milfort

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Similar experiments were carried out by Schneiders et al (2020). These authors point out that a subsequent increase in temperature may, on the contrary, slow down the process of oocyst development.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Influence of temperature on sporulation of Eimeria arloingi and Eimeria perforans oocysts

Boyko

Shendryk

Rudyk

et al. 2021

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Eimeriosis of farm animals is one of the most widespread parasitic diseases in the world. In the conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine Eimeria perforans is more common in rabbits and E. arloingi in sheep and goats. Study of factors which influence the development of these protists on the soil surface is one of the major challenges for veterinarians working for large livestock companies and fighting against eimeriosis. Environmental temperature is able to change the speed of sporulation of oocysts Eimeria. Five values of temperature (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C) were used in a laboratory experiment in vitro. At 15 °C, the process of sporulation of E. arloingi and E. perforans in 100% of cases ended on the eighth day. With increase in temperature to 35 °C, the duration of sporulation decreased to three days. When the temperature was 30 °C the completion of sporulation was observed in more than 50% of the oocysts of E. arloingi on the second day, and for E. perforans on the third day. High-speed sporulation at elevated temperatures under conditions of global warming can result in the increasing spread of eimeriosis among wild and domestic animals.

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“…The challenge dose was selected based on a previous study to ensure a mild infection ( Teng et al, 2020 ). The Eimeria sporulated oocysts used were field strain oocysts from North Carolina, and the cloning procedure was previously described ( Aggrey et al, 2019 ; Schneiders et al, 2019 ; Schneiders et al, 2020 ). All the birds were housed in the same room, but the challenged and unchallenged birds were physically separated by being on different sides of the house.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-specific outcmes of arginine or branched-chain amino acids supplementation in low crude protein diets on performance, nutrient digestibility, and expression of tissue protein synthesis and degradation in broiler chickens infected with mixed Eimeria spp.

Ajao,

Liu,

Taylor

et al. 2024

Poultry Science

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The Effect of Increased Temperatures on Viability, Morphology, Infectivity, and Development of Eimeria Tenella

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Heat stress reduces sexual development and affects pathogenesis of Eimeria maxima in meat-type chickens

Heat stress reduces sexual development and affects pathogenesis of Eimeria maxima in meat-type chickens

Influence of temperature on sporulation of Eimeria arloingi and Eimeria perforans oocysts

Phase-specific outcmes of arginine or branched-chain amino acids supplementation in low crude protein diets on performance, nutrient digestibility, and expression of tissue protein synthesis and degradation in broiler chickens infected with mixed Eimeria spp.

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