The Effect of Infant Formula Samples on Breastfeeding Practice

Evans, Cynthia J.; Lyons, Nick; Killien, Marcia

doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.1986.tb01414.x

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…14 Others do not consider the introduction of solid food a mark of exclusive breast-feeding cessation. 11,12 Study Purpose This study centers on mothers who elected either exclusive or partial breast-feeding in the hospital. The following research questions were addressed: 1) Were the demographic characteristics of mothers who used a cow's milk or formula supplement in the hospital or within the first 4 months of life different from those who used human milk exclusively for all 4 months?…”

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confidence: 99%

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Duration of Breast-feeding Patterns Established in the Hospital

Ryan

Wysong

Martinez

et al. 1990

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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Data from a national survey of new mothers were analyzed to determine the effect that demographic characteristics, breast-feeding instructions, and infant formula discharge kits had on breast-feeding patterns established in the hospital. Results indicated that mothers who exclusively breast-fed their infant were more likely to be affluent, college educated, and not working outside the home. Mothers who exclusively breast-fed their infants in the hospital and subsequently practiced partial breast-feeding or formula, or cow's milk feeding were more likely to return to the work force within the first 6 postpartum months. Mothers who partially breast-fed their infants in the hospital were more likely to have a low-birth-weight neonate. Stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that greater total family income, a better education, and having more than one child had positive significant effects on exclusive breast-feeding by the first and fourth month. Women who received a formula discharge kit compared with those who did not had a slightly higher probability of initiating partial breast-feeding (10 vs. 7% by the first month; 27 vs. 25% by the fourth month). Maternal employment had a large impact on duration of exclusive breast-feeding. By the fourth month, mothers who were employed had a higher probability of initiating partial breast-feeding (43 vs. 19%) compared with mothers who were not in the work force.

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confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12]14 To date, the data on the impact that formula discharge kits have on breast-feeding success remain equivocal.…”

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confidence: 99%

Duration of Breast-feeding Patterns Established in the Hospital

Ryan

Wysong

Martinez

et al. 1990

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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“…The Baby Friendly hospital standards became a part of all staff's performance appraisals. Many hospital practices were changed, resulting in staff more consistently modeling positive breastfeeding behaviors and support, which may have moderated the impact of the discharge pack formula and breast pumps, as similarly reported by Evans et al (22). Such observations point to the need for a well‐planned, rigorous investigation of the impact of nursing and hospital practices on the duration of breastfeeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Two studies comparing similar discharge packs with or without formula given randomly to subjects showed differing results. Bergevin et al reported that giving formula samples shortened the duration of breastfeeding and promoted early introduction of solids into an infant's diet (21), whereas Evans et al were unable to replicate these results, even though they looked specifically at three vulnerable subgroups: less educated women, primiparas, and women who were ill after giving birth (22). Changes that had occurred in the timing of the first breastfeeding and decreases in supplementation after breastfeeding were possible reasons given for the different results.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Discharge Pack Formula and Breast Pumps on Breastfeeding Duration and Choice of Infant Feeding Method

Bliss

Wilkie

Acredolo

et al. 1997

Birth

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“…Of the 58 potentially relevant remaining trials identified and/or screened for retrieval, only one by Martin‐Calama et al 6 met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review (see Table I). Thus, the remaining 57 studies were excluded 7–63. Table II summarizes characteristics of the excluded trials, including the reasons for exclusion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of brief exposure to water, breast‐milk substitutes, or other liquids on the success and duration of breastfeeding: A systematic review

et al. 2006

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Aim: To systematically evaluate the effect of supplemental fluids or feedings during the first days of life on the overall breastfeeding duration and rate of exclusive breastfeeding among healthy infants. Methods: Medical subject headings and free‐language terms were used to search the following electronic databases for studies relevant to breastfeeding: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), the Cochrane Library, and La Leche League. Only randomized, controlled trials (RCT) were considered for study inclusion. Results: Of 56 potentially relevant clinical trials identified, only one RCT (170 infants) met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. In this study, formula feeding was significantly more frequent at 4 wk in the experimental group in which breastfeeding had been supplemented with 5% glucose ad libitum during the first 3 d of life (n=83) than in the exclusively breastfed control group (n=87) (p<0.05). At 16 wk (5 mo postpartum), the percentage of mothers who continued breastfeeding, either exclusively or partially, was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.01). Conclusion: There remains considerable uncertainty about the effect of brief exposure to water, breast‐milk substitutes, or other liquids on the success and duration of breastfeeding.

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The Effect of Infant Formula Samples on Breastfeeding Practice

Cited by 24 publications

References 4 publications

Duration of Breast-feeding Patterns Established in the Hospital

Duration of Breast-feeding Patterns Established in the Hospital

The Effect of Discharge Pack Formula and Breast Pumps on Breastfeeding Duration and Choice of Infant Feeding Method

Effects of brief exposure to water, breast‐milk substitutes, or other liquids on the success and duration of breastfeeding: A systematic review

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