The effect of inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress on lipolysis in white adipose tissue in a rat model of chronic kidney disease

Wang

Food Science & Nutrition

et al. 2023

Ascent to high altitude is associated with multi physiological and metabolic responses to counter with the stress of hypobaric hypoxia.White adipose tissue (WAT) is the largest reservoir of energy reserves, which stores energy in the form of triglyceride in lipid droplets. WAT plays an essential role in maintaining the whole-body lipid metabolism homeostasis and accumulated evidence has demonstrated the functional association between adipose tissue and liver (Natarajan et al., 2017;Sun et al., 2012). In our previous work, hypobaric hypoxia

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

4‐PBA inhibits hypoxia‐induced lipolysis in rat adipose tissue and lipid accumulation in the liver through regulating ER stress

Wang

Food Science & Nutrition

et al. 2023

“…One explanation could be that the short complex lipids may be composed of relatively shorter FFAs (,12 carbons), which are less dependent on carnitine for mitochondrial transport. 50 Therefore, they become a preferred substrate for catabolic processes 42 and along with accelerated lipolysis from uremia, [51][52][53] contribute to the lower abundance of short saturated complex lipids in stage 5 CKD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired β-Oxidation and Altered Complex Lipid Fatty Acid Partitioning with Advancing CKD

Afshinnia¹,

Rajendiran

Soni

et al. 2017

JASN

139

126

Studies of lipids in CKD, including ESRD, have been limited to measures of conventional lipid profiles. We aimed to systematically identify 17 different lipid classes and associate the abundance thereof with alterations in acylcarnitines, a metric of -oxidation, across stages of CKD. From the Clinical Phenotyping Resource and Biobank Core (CPROBE) cohort of 1235 adults, we selected a panel of 214 participants: 36 with stage 1 or 2 CKD, 99 with stage 3 CKD, 61 with stage 4 CKD, and 18 with stage 5 CKD. Among participants, 110 were men (51.4%), 64 were black (29.9%), and 150 were white (70.1%), and the mean (SD) age was 60 (16) years old. We measured plasma lipids and acylcarnitines using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Overall, we identified 330 different lipids across 17 different classes. Compared with earlier stages, stage 5 CKD associated with a higher abundance of saturated C16-C20 free fatty acids (FFAs) and long polyunsaturated complex lipids. Long-chain-to-intermediate-chain acylcarnitine ratio, a marker of efficiency of-oxidation, exhibited a graded decrease from stage 2 to 5 CKD (<0.001). Additionally, multiple linear regression revealed that the long-chain-to-intermediate-chain acylcarnitine ratio inversely associated with polyunsaturated long complex lipid subclasses and the C16-C20 FFAs but directly associated with short complex lipids with fewer double bonds. We conclude that increased abundance of saturated C16-C20 FFAs coupled with impaired -oxidation of FFAs and inverse partitioning into complex lipids may be mechanisms underpinning lipid metabolism changes that typify advancing CKD.

“…Secreted proteins play critical roles in physiological and pathological processes and can be used as biomarkers and therapies for aging and disease 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 . Because adipose tissue is the largest endocrine organ, we have focused on adipose-derived secreted proteins (also known as adipokines) and explored their functions over the past decade 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metrnl: a secreted protein with new emerging functions

et al. 2016

Secreted proteins play critical roles in physiological and pathological processes and can be used as biomarkers and therapies for aging and disease. Metrnl is a novel secreted protein homologous to the neurotrophin Metrn. But this protein, unlike Metrn that is mainly expressed in the brain, shows a relatively wider distribution in the body with high levels of expression in white adipose tissue and barrier tissues. This protein plays important roles in neural development, white adipose browning and insulin sensitization. Based on its expression and distinct functions, this protein is also called Cometin, Subfatin and Interleukin 39, which refer to its neurotrophic effect, adipokine function and the possible action as a cytokine, respectively. The spectrum of Metrnl functions remains to be determined, and the mechanisms of Metrnl action need to be elucidated. In this review, we focus on the discovery, structural characteristics, expression pattern and physiological functions of Metrnl, which will assist in developing this protein as a new therapeutic target or agent.