The effect of instructions upon sensory pre-conditioning of human subjects.

Chernikoff, Rube; Brogden, W. J.

doi:10.1037/h0063447

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Analysis of variance of the extinction data produced an F ratio whose value was considerably less than the value of F at the 5 % level of significance. The consistent failure of extinction following the critical test for sensory preconditioning (Brogden, 1947;Chernikoff & Brogden, 1949;Hoffeld, Thompson, & Brogden, 1958) to demonstrate any secondary extinction effect between the experimental and control conditions suggests the conclusion that there is no such relation and that this procedure is completely ineffective for the measurement of sensory preconditioning.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These time relations were 4 Consideration was given to the inclusion of control groups involving presentation of trials of tone alone during the pretraining period equal in number to the frequency of preconditioning training for the experimental groups. The failure in a number of studies of sensory preconditioning (Brogden, 1949;Chernikoff & Brogden, 1949;Coppock, 1958;Seidel, 19S8;Silver & Meyer, 1954) to find any effect for noncontiguous presentation of the preconditioning stimuli makes the heavy investment of animals and time unnecessary. 6 Hoffeld collaborated in the first and Kendall in the second phase of the experiment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of amount of preconditioning training upon the magnitude of sensory preconditioning.

Hoffeld

Kendall²,

Thompson³

et al. 1960

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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The phenomenon of sensory preconditioning was presented by Brogden (1939) with the implicit assumption that its quantitative variation and the independent variables to which it is functionally related are similar to those of conditioning. Brogden (1950) reported briefly about two experiments on sensory preconditioning in which variation in the number of preconditioning training trials appeared to have no differential effect upon the magnitude of the phenomenon. Because of the fundamental relation of amount of training to amount of conditioning, it was assumed that there were errors of some kind in the experiments, rather than that sensory preconditioning differs in respect to this relationship from standard conditioning. Hoffeld, Thompson, and Brogden (1958) studied the stimuli time relations during preconditioning training for conditions of 0, .5, 1, 2, and 4 sec, precedence of tone over light and found maximum sensory preconditioning to tone for 4 sec. precedence. Since these results are not compatible with the results on time relations

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of amount of preconditioning training upon the magnitude of sensory preconditioning.

Hoffeld

Kendall²,

Thompson³

et al. 1960

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…Demonstrations of SPC in humans are scarce. In the 1950s some studies of SPC in humans were conducted, but these were part of the heated controversy as to whether conditioning resulted in stimulus-stimulus or stimulus-response associations (Chernikoff & Brogden, 1948;Coppock, 1958;Wickens & Briggs, 1951) and they revealed rather little about the conditions that promote SPC. More recently, only a few demonstrations of SPC in humans can be found (e.g., Hammerl & Grabitz, 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pre-Extinction of Sensory Preconditioned Electrodermal Activity

Vansteenwegen

Crombez

Baeyens

et al. 2000

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B

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In the present study, sensory preconditioning of human electrodermal activity was demonstrated. In the first phase of the experiment, two pairs of neutral pictures of human faces were presented (A/B and C/D) sequentially. In the second phase, one picture of one pair was immediately followed by an electrocutaneous stimulus (B+), and one picture of the other pair was not (D-). In the third phase the other picture of each pair (A and C) was tested. The effect of A and C alone presentations (pre-extinction) between the first and the second phase was investigated. When only those participants that showed reliable B+/D- differentiation were considered, the extinction group did not show stronger conditioned electrodermal activity to A than to C, whereas the control group did. These findings suggest that sensory preconditioning of anticipatory/preparatory responding only occurs when the pre-conditioned stimulus (A) actually predicts the conditioned stimulus (B).

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“…It should be noted the dependent variable in this study was slightly unusual, involving a single transformed score combining participants’ binary predictions of the outcome and their normalized reaction times [see Craddock et al (2012) ]. Nevertheless, the study used a serial temporal arrangement between CSs that is known to promote SOC ( Pavlov, 1927 ; Stout et al, 2004 ), and support for the associative chaining mechanism can be found in demonstrations of sensory preconditioning in humans with adequate controls [e.g., Brodgen (1947) and Chernikoff and Brogden (1949) , see Seidel (1959) for a review]. In sensory preconditioning, the first- and second-order CSs are first presented in the absence of a US (CS2-CS1), and then the first-order CS is reinforced (CS1+).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second-Order Conditioning in Humans

Lee

2021

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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In contrast to the large body of work demonstrating second-order conditioning (SOC) in non-human animals, the evidence for SOC in humans is scant. In this review, I examine the existing literature and suggest theoretical and procedural explanations for why SOC has been so elusive in humans. In particular, I discuss potential interactions with conditioned inhibition, whether SOC is rational, and propose critical parameters needed to obtain the effect. I conclude that SOC is a real but difficult phenomenon to obtain in humans, and suggest directions for future research.

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The effect of instructions upon sensory pre-conditioning of human subjects.

Cited by 22 publications

References 3 publications

Effect of amount of preconditioning training upon the magnitude of sensory preconditioning.

Effect of amount of preconditioning training upon the magnitude of sensory preconditioning.

Pre-Extinction of Sensory Preconditioned Electrodermal Activity

Second-Order Conditioning in Humans

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