The effect of interface morphology in waste tyre rubber powder filled elastomeric matrices on the tear and abrasion resistance

Abang-Ismawi-Hassim, DH; Abraham, Frank; Summerscales, John; Brown, Paul S.

doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2019.21

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Higher SIC at the crack tip enhances crack tip blunting and branching [30]. The irregular (convoluted) surface of CRP400 as reported in an earlier study [17] compared to MRP074 compound provides greater surface area and a stronger interface between the particles and the rubber matrix. A stronger interface interaction/bonding was defined as the interaction level between the rubber and filler that could restrict the mobility of the rubber molecules on the filler surfaces.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Fatigue Crack Growth of Natural Rubber/Butadiene Rubber Blend Containing Waste Tyre Rubber Powders

Hassim

Abraham

Summerscales

et al. 2021

SSP

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Fatigue crack growth in NR/BR compound and the effect of two different types of recycled rubber powder (RRP) i.e. micronized cryo-ground 74 μm and ambient-ground 400 μm were studied using fracture mechanics approach. Absolute and relative hysteresis losses using single-edge notch tensile (SENT) specimens were determined with a displacement-controlled strain compensating for permanent set of the samples throughout the Fatigue Crack Growth (FCG) experiments. Results indicated a correlation between absolute/relative hysteresis loss and fatigue crack growth rate under specific dynamic strain amplitudes. Differences in relative hysteresis loss showed that additional energy dissipation, due to multiple new crack surfaces at the crack tip, contributes to the FCG of the RRP compounds. At higher tearing energy, beside other factors affecting the FCG performance of the RRP compounds, both higher absolute and relative hysteresis loss are slightly detrimental to the crack growth rates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Fatigue Crack Growth of Natural Rubber/Butadiene Rubber Blend Containing Waste Tyre Rubber Powders

Hassim

Abraham

Summerscales

et al. 2021

SSP

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“…It depends on several factors like the type of rubber used and its viscoelasticity, filler type, temperature, degree of crosslinking, etc. 14,15 The path to be taken by a particular crack defined for a rubber vulcanizate might proceed to uncharted ways. Generic reinforcing filler systems used in these vulcanizates are carbon black and silica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crack growth rate determination of highly dispersible silica filled NR/SBR blends along with material parameters around the crack tip

Bhattacharyya

Mishra

Dolui

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Based on the viscous energy dissipation parameter around the crack tip, several intrinsic factors tend to govern the dissipation factor which in turn leads to the characteristic crack growth mechanism of the rubber vulcanizate. Herein, the crack growth behavior of different filled natural rubber (NR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and NR/SBR blends was studied. It was deciphered that the 80/20 NR‐SBR (NSS) compound exhibited the lowest crack growth (dc/dn) value at all strain percentages which was in good accordance with its highest viscous energy dissipation as observed from the DMA (strain sweep) results. Also, from the theoretical calculations, dissipated energy per unit volume for NSS was 4.73 MPa, which was the highest out of all the compounds. This led to a decrement in crack growth. The lowest intensity peak in tan δ versus temperature curve, 6.5% decrement in ΔE'(storage modulus), and almost 44% decrement in ΔG’ (Payne Effect) indicates higher polymer‐filler interaction and lower filler‐filler disintegration respectively, as compared to 100 NR (NRS). The results from optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope suggested that NSS exudes the smallest crack deviation and extent of crack growth with lesser filler agglomerates making NSS the best fatigue‐resistant compound.

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“…GTR can be used as an additive without any physical or chemical treatment in asphalt and can be bound together with polyurethane. GTR can be blended with thermoplastic 4 , 5 or thermoset 6 – 9 polymers with or without compatibilization 10 , 11 . However, the volume of these applications cannot meet the ever-increasing need for rubber recycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Devulcanization of ground tire rubber: microwave and thermomechanical approaches

Simon

Pirityi

Bárány

2020

Sci Rep

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We devulcanized ground tire rubber (GTR) in a laboratory microwave oven and an internal mixer, measured the soluble content and the cross-link density of the samples, and then used Horikx’s analysis. The results showed that microwave treatment caused severe degradation of the polymer chains, while in the case of thermomechanical devulcanization, the selective scission of covalent cross-links is more common. Four devulcanized ground tire rubber (dGTR) samples were chosen for further study and three groups of samples were produced: dGTR samples containing vulcanizing agents and different amounts of paraffin oil (dGTR-based mixtures), natural rubber-based rubber mixtures with different dGTR contents and reference rubber mixtures with dGTR-based mixtures (increased vulcanizing agent contents). Cure characteristics showed a plasticizer-like effect of dGTR. Tensile and tear strength decreased drastically with increasing dGTR content; however, elongation at break values did not follow such a trend. Mechanical properties improved with increased vulcanizing agent contents. The examined properties of the samples improved even further with the use of thermomechanically devulcanized samples. Horikx’s analysis showed that this is attributable to moderate polymer chain scission.

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The effect of interface morphology in waste tyre rubber powder filled elastomeric matrices on the tear and abrasion resistance

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Fatigue Crack Growth of Natural Rubber/Butadiene Rubber Blend Containing Waste Tyre Rubber Powders

Fatigue Crack Growth of Natural Rubber/Butadiene Rubber Blend Containing Waste Tyre Rubber Powders

Crack growth rate determination of highly dispersible silica filled NR/SBR blends along with material parameters around the crack tip

Devulcanization of ground tire rubber: microwave and thermomechanical approaches

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