The Effect of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist on Arteries and Cholesterol Metabolism

A Functional Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Polymorphism Influences Atherosclerosis Development The Interleukin-1.BETA.:Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Balance in Atherosclerosis

“…In view of the many different processes of disease development in which IL-1 signaling may take part, it is possible that IL-1 plays roles in both the chronic and acute development of atherosclerosis. 2,8,29 The in vivo effects on cardiovascular disease of the 2-repeat-allele polymorphism of IL-1Ra are not fully clear. The 2-repeat allele has been associated with increased IL-1β production in human macrophages 38 and an increased risk for single vessel, but not multivessel, CAD 39,40 and stroke.…”

“…Pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines play key roles in the development of atherosclerosis. 1,2,26-28 Reduced IL-1Ra levels lead to aggravation of murine atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-prone mice with a deficiency in IL-1Ra have undesirable cholesterol levels and a disease-prone phenotype, 10,29 which implies that shifting the IL-1Ra :IL-1β balance toward IL-1Ra may be atheroprotective. These molecules have previously been identified by immunohistochemistry in human atherosclerotic lesions, but have not been investigated with quantitative methods.…”

Novel TNF-α Receptor 1 Antagonist Treatment Attenuates Arterial Inflammation and Intimal Hyperplasia in Mice

“…The lack of significant differences in intima area (3,222.9 1,640.3 vs. 2,383.9 618.7 m 2 ; p 0.267) and the intima area/media area ratio (0.278 0.119 vs. 0.201 0.060; p 0.179) between the control and R1antTNF treatment group made it difficult to examine whether R1antTNF suppresses arterial inflammation and intimal hyperplasia. Previously, we reported that deficiency of IL-1Ra promotes intimal hyperplasia after femoral artery injury 18,26) . We further determined that TNF-deficiency suppresses aortitis in IL-1Ra-/-mice 27) .…”

Deficiency of CuZn Superoxide Dismutase Promotes Inflammation and Alters Medial Structure Following Vascular Injury

“…The mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital (50 mg/kg), and the left femoral artery was exposed under sterile conditions, as previously described [14][15][16] . Vascular injury was inflicted by placing a nonocclusive polyethylene cuff (length 2 mm; internal diameter 0.56 mm; Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, CA, USA) around the femoral artery.…”