The effect of internal and external fields of view on visually induced motion sickness

Bos, Jelte E.; Vries, Sjoerd C. de; Emmerik, M.L. van; Groen, Eric L.

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2009.11.007

Cited by 102 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Finally, the results on the SSQ are in line with the only two other studies that investigated VIMS in relation to viewing 2D and 3D motion stimuli on a TV screen [25,26]. However, the severity of VIMS was very low compared to that observed in studies using (large) projection screens, as used in movie theaters [10,12,23,24]. The choice of the documentary in relation to the size of the TV-screen may explain the marginal increase in VIMS symptoms in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…In addition, by showing this documentary on a TV screen a large difference between the viewing angle subtended by the TV screen and the viewing angle captured by the camera was introduced (previously also referred to as external and internal fields of view) [10,23]. It has been shown that a large discrepancy between these viewing angles can reduce VIMS [10,23]. Summarized, both factors may have decreased the naturalness of the images to such an extent that the images were judged as somewhat unnatural, reducing VIMS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stereoscopic information is known to add to the naturalness of the 3D motion stimuli [21,22]. Because 3D motion stimuli appear more natural, a larger conflict between the sensed and expected sensory signals is suggested (see also [23]), therefore causing more severe VIMS symptoms as compared to 2D. Several earlier studies have investigated the effect of viewing stereoscopic 3D stimuli, compared to viewing 2D stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equally moved and not really sick from viewing 2D and 3D motion stimuli on a TV screen

2016

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a b s t r a c tObjective: Visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) and increased postural sway are two adverse side effects that may occur when viewing motion stimuli. However, whether these effects are elevated to a greater extent when viewing stereoscopic 3D motion stimuli, compared to 2D stimuli on a TV screen, has not been investigated under controlled circumstances. Therefore this study aimed at investigating VIMS and postural sway before, during, and directly after viewing 2D and 3D motion stimuli, on a commonly available TV screen. Method: 16 Participants were exposed to an aviation documentary shown in 2D and in 3D on separate occasions. Before, during, and after exposure, VIMS and postural sway were measured. VIMS was quantified by a rating scale giving a single number, and by a multi-symptom questionnaire that assessed multiple VIMS symptoms separately. Sway path length, standard deviations and short-range and longrange scaling components of the center of pressure were calculated as measures of postural sway. Results: VIMS symptom severity, as obtained with the single rating scale, did not show a significant increase to either 2D or 3D exposure. The multi-symptom questionnaire did reveal significant increases in VIMS symptom severity to both 2D and 3D exposure. However, VIMS was not significantly more increased in case of 3D exposure compared to 2D exposure. All postural sway measures (sway path length, standard deviation in mediolateral and anteroposterior direction, as well as the short-range scaling components) increased significantly as a result of exposure. None of the postural sway measures was differentially affected to 3D as compared to 2D exposure. Conclusion: Viewing 3D motion stimuli did not cause more serious VIMS symptoms, compared to viewing motion stimuli in 2D. We attribute this lack of difference to the fact that the 3D effects in this documentary were optimized for viewing in a cinema, the projection on the TV-screen thus causing quarantining of the visual input. The increase in postural sway, irrespective of image type, may reflect exploratory behavior, allowing the participant to gain more information about self-orientation with respect to the virtual environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equally moved and not really sick from viewing 2D and 3D motion stimuli on a TV screen

2016

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“…Recently, however, it has been proposed that inducing incongruence between the virtual and the real world environment yield less severe visually induced sickness symptoms 48 . For instance, sickness symptoms were less pronounced when the external field of view (visual angle between the observer and the screen) did not coincide with the internal field of view (graphic field of view of the real scene) 48,49 . Furthermore, in Bos et al experiments 48,49 , a more natural perception of walking speed of 5 km/h was reach when the simulated walking speed was set at 13.6 km/h.…”

Section: Prevention Of Simulator Sicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, sickness symptoms were less pronounced when the external field of view (visual angle between the observer and the screen) did not coincide with the internal field of view (graphic field of view of the real scene) 48,49 . Furthermore, in Bos et al experiments 48,49 , a more natural perception of walking speed of 5 km/h was reach when the simulated walking speed was set at 13.6 km/h. This suggests that introducing a gain between the speed at which the visual information is presented in the simulation and the reality might contribute to reduce sickness symptoms when driving in a simulator.…”

Section: Prevention Of Simulator Sicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%