The effect of intumescent mat on post-fire performance of carbon fibre reinforced composites

Zhu, Chenkai; Li, Jingjing; Clement, Mandy; Yi, Xiaosu; Rudd, Chris; Liu, Xiaoling

doi:10.1177/0734904119849395

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…After 5% alkali and 5% silane treatment, the LOI values of composites increase, which is 22.4% and 23.5%, respectively. [ 52‐55 ] This can be attributed to the same phenomenon as explained in previous section. The chemical modifications with alkali and silane treatment have improved the interfacial adhesion between the fiber‐matrix interface.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Synergistic effect of alkali and silane treatment on mechanical, flammability, and thermal degradation of hemp fiber/epoxy composite

Soni

Sinha

2022

Polymer Composites

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Currently, natural fiber composites are used in many applications (industrial, automotive, and construction) where fire resistance is a critical factor. The main objective of this research work is to investigate the thermal degradation and fire performance of raw and treated fiber composites developed using hand layup with different fiber loadings of 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%. Alkali treatment (5%, wt/vol) and silane treatment (5%, wt/vol) were used to improve the thermal stability and compatibility of hemp fiber with polymer matrix. The developed composites were characterized for thermal (thermogravimetric analysis), chemical (Fourier transform spectroscopy), morphological (scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction), and mechanical behavior. Further, the flammability behavior of the developed composites was investigated using vertical cum horizontal flammability test apparatus and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tester. The results of mechanical characterization reveal that alkali treated fiber composites (20% loading) have the highest tensile strength (24.4 MPa) and flexural strength (46.1 MPa). Composite reinforced with silane-treated fibers have shown excellent flame retardancy with the lowest horizontal burning rate (16.11 mm/min) and higher LOI (23.5%). Scanning electron microscopy confirms the better fiber-matrix compatibility of silane-treated fiber with epoxy.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Synergistic effect of alkali and silane treatment on mechanical, flammability, and thermal degradation of hemp fiber/epoxy composite

Soni

Sinha

2022

Polymer Composites

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“…During this process, not all the developed gas pressure is liberated, resulting from the gas permeability of the composites. As such, internal pressure develops leading to the expansion of the composite, resulting in delamination cracks and gas-filled pores, rapid creeping, buckling, and various other composite failures under heat conditions [21,[42][43][44]. This process continues until all the composite has been converted into volatiles, smoke, soot, and char.…”

Section: Thermal Mechanisms Of Fibre-reinforced Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keratinous Natural Fibres as Sustainable Flame Retardants and Reinforcements in Polymer Composites

Mishra,

Kim,

Bhattacharyya

2024

J. Compos. Sci.

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Natural fibres have been used as fibre reinforcements in composites as they offer eco-friendly and economic advantages, but their susceptibility to deterioration when exposed to heat and flames has limited their practical application in fibre-reinforced polymeric composites. Fire-reaction properties have been explored in reasonable detail for plant fibres, but a gap exists in the understanding of animal fibre-reinforced composites. Understanding the thermal and fire reactions of these keratin-rich animal fibres is crucial for material selection and advancing composite product development. The current paper critically discusses the existing research landscape and suggests future research directions. The use of keratinous fibres in composites can definitely improve their thermal stability and fire performance, but it also appears to adversely affect the composite’s mechanical performance. The main part of this paper focuses on the flame-retardant treatment of keratinous fibres and polymer composites, and their behaviour under fire conditions. The final part of this paper includes a brief look at the environmental impact of the treatment methods; the overall processing of keratinous fibre-reinforced composites is also presented to gain further insight.

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“…Whilst existing studies examining the post-fire mechanical behaviour of CFRP laminates have shown that the reduction in the post-fire mechanical properties can be attributed to thermal degradation and damage caused by the heat from a fire, these studies were restricted to measuring the post-fire behaviour of CFRP containing a single fibre orientation [17][18][19][20] without comparing this behaviour to other commonly used fibre orientations, even though the mechanical properties of CFRP laminates are heavily dependent on the type of fibre orientation. 21,22 Furthermore, in studies investigating fibre orientation on post-fire behaviour, only one study, to the author's knowledge, has been carried out in tension, 20 with no study evaluating the influence of fibre orientation on post-fire bending behaviour.…”

Section: Existing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fibre orientation and thermal exposure on the post‐fire mechanical behaviour of carbon fibre reinforced polymer material

et al. 2023

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This study investigates the influence of fibre orientation and heat flux on the post‐fire (residual) load‐bearing properties of carbon fibre‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. As a result, a deep insight into the post‐fire load‐bearing response is gained, which is necessary to fully understand and assess the advantages of CFRP laminates containing different fibre orientations for use in load‐bearing structures. Specimens were produced from three CFRP laminates containing different fibre orientations, exposed to varying heat fluxes up to 40 and then loaded in either tension or three‐point bending at ambient room temperature. The study's results have shown that the post‐fire behaviour of CFRP specimens is sensitive to changes in fibre orientation and heat flux. For example, specimens with an anisotropic fibre orientation in tension had the highest tensile load‐bearing capacity, whereas those with bidirectional and multi‐directional fibre orientations demonstrated lower tensile load‐bearing capacities. In bending, however, specimens containing bidirectional and multidirectional fibre orientations had higher load‐bearing capacities than specimens with an anisotropic fibre orientation. Furthermore, the data also shows that exposure to a heat flux reduces the load‐bearing capacity in both the bending and tensile specimens.

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The effect of intumescent mat on post-fire performance of carbon fibre reinforced composites

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Synergistic effect of alkali and silane treatment on mechanical, flammability, and thermal degradation of hemp fiber/epoxy composite

Synergistic effect of alkali and silane treatment on mechanical, flammability, and thermal degradation of hemp fiber/epoxy composite

Keratinous Natural Fibres as Sustainable Flame Retardants and Reinforcements in Polymer Composites

Effect of fibre orientation and thermal exposure on the post‐fire mechanical behaviour of carbon fibre reinforced polymer material

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