The effect of kauri (Agathis australis) on grain size distribution and clay mineralogy of andesitic soils in the Waitakere Ranges, New Zealand

Jongkind, A.G.; Buurman, P.

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.10.004

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This study was undertaken within the Waitakere Ranges, located in northern New Zealand. The Waitakere Ranges encompasses 17,000 ha, ranging from sea level to 474 m, with mean annual temperature from 12.5 to 14.5 °C and mean annual precipitation between 1,400 and 2,000 mm ( Jongkind & Buurman, 2006 ). The vegetation is comprised of a podocarp-broadleaf mixture, with aggregated stands of the endemic conifer, Kauri ( Agathis australis ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the diversity and richness of parasitoid wasps based on sampling effort

Saunders

Ward

2018

PeerJ

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Parasitoid wasps are a mega-diverse, ecologically dominant, but poorly studied component of global biodiversity. In order to maximise the efficiency and reduce the cost of their collection, the application of optimal sampling techniques is necessary. Two sites in Auckland, New Zealand were sampled intensively to determine the relationship between sampling effort and observed species richness of parasitoid wasps from the family Ichneumonidae. Twenty traps were deployed at each site at three different times over the austral summer period, resulting in a total sampling effort of 840 Malaise-trap-days. Rarefaction techniques and non-parametric estimators were used to predict species richness and to evaluate the variation and completeness of sampling. Despite an intensive Malaise-trapping regime over the summer period, no asymptote of species richness was reached. At best, sampling captured two-thirds of parasitoid wasp species present. The estimated total number of species present depended on the month of sampling and the statistical estimator used. Consequently, the use of fewer traps would have caught only a small proportion of all species (one trap 7–21%; two traps 13–32%), and many traps contributed little to the overall number of individuals caught. However, variation in the catch of individual Malaise traps was not explained by seasonal turnover of species, vegetation or environmental conditions surrounding the trap, or distance of traps to one another. Overall the results demonstrate that even with an intense sampling effort the community is incompletely sampled. The use of only a few traps and/or for very short periods severely limits the estimates of richness because (i) fewer individuals are caught leading to a greater number of singletons; and (ii) the considerable variation of individual traps means some traps will contribute few or no individuals. Understanding how sampling effort affects the richness and diversity of parasitoid wasps is a useful foundation for future studies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the diversity and richness of parasitoid wasps based on sampling effort

Saunders

Ward

2018

PeerJ

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“…This study was undertaken within the Waitakere Ranges, located in northern New Zealand. The Waitakere Ranges encompasses 17,000 hectares, ranging from sea level to 474 m, with mean annual temperature from 12.5 to 14.5°C and mean annual precipitation between 1400 to 2000 mm (Jongkind & Buurman 2006). The vegetation is comprised of a podocarp-broadleaf mixture, with aggregated stands of the endemic conifer, Kauri (Agathis australis).…”

Section: Materials and Methods Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Variation in the diversity and richness of parasitoid wasps based on sampling effort (v0.1)"

Heard¹

2018

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Parasitoid wasps are a mega-diverse, ecologically dominant, but poorly studied component of global biodiversity. In order to maximise the efficiency and reduce the cost of their collection, the application of optimal sampling techniques is necessary. Two sites in Auckland, New Zealand were sampled intensively to determine the relationship between sampling effort and observed species richness of parasitoid wasps from the family Ichneumonidae. Twenty traps were deployed at each site at three different times over the austral summer period, resulting in a total sampling effort of 840 Malaise-trap-days. Rarefaction techniques and non-parametric estimators were used to predict species richness and to evaluate the variation and completeness of sampling. Despite an intensive Malaise-trapping regime over the summer period, no asymptote of species richness was reached. At best, sampling captured two-thirds of parasitoid wasp species present. The estimated total number of species present depended on the month of sampling and the statistical estimator used. Consequently, the use of fewer traps would have caught only a small proportion of all species (one trap 7-21%; two traps 13-32%), and many traps contributed little to the overall number of individuals caught. However, variation in the catch of individual Malaise traps was not explained by seasonal turnover of species, vegetation or environmental conditions surrounding the trap, or distance of traps to one another. Overall the results demonstrate that even with an intense sampling effort the community is incompletely sampled. The use of only a few traps and/or for very short periods severely limits the estimates of richness because i) fewer individuals are caught leading to a greater number of singletons; and ii) the considerable variation of individual traps means some traps will contribute few or no individuals. Understanding how sampling effort affects the richness and diversity of parasitoid wasps is a useful foundation for future studies.

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“…In a later study, Pai et al (2007) found that acidification at the surface of forest soil elsewhere in Taiwan decreased the charge of the K-depleted aluminosilicate layers, which they characterized as vermiculite, occurring either as the discrete phase or in mixed-layers with vermiculite. In the North Island of New Zealand, Jongkind and Buurman (2006) found that weathering under kauri (Agathis australis) trees, which produce especially low pHs (4.0 ± 0.2), left vermiculites depleted of hydroxyl interlayering and even brought about some conversion of vermiculite to smectite, as Churchman (1980) had found to occur in soils under another native beech tree species (Nothofagus sp.) in the South Island of New Zealand.…”

Section: Plants As Weathering Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a general trend from halloysite at depth towards kaolinite at the surface of profiles on residual rock materials (e.g., Eswaran and Wong, 1978;Calvert et al, 1980;Churchman and Gilkes, 1989;Churchman, 1990;Takahashi et al, 2001;Singer et al, 2004;Jongkind and Buurman, 2006). These studies together have covered a range of parent rock types and also climates, including tropical (Eswaran and Wong, 1978, and part of Churchman, 1990), temperate (Calvert et al, 1980;part of Churchman, 1990;Jongkind and Buurman, 2006), and Mediterranean, or xeric (Churchman and Gilkes, 1989;Takahashi et al, 2001;Singer et al, 2004). According to Papoulis et al (2004), these trends with depth were explained in the context of their morphological and compositional development sequence of halloysite and kaolinites.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Halloysite In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration, Formation, and Occurrence of Minerals in Soils

2018

Handbook of Soil Sciences (Two Volume Set)

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The effect of kauri (Agathis australis) on grain size distribution and clay mineralogy of andesitic soils in the Waitakere Ranges, New Zealand

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Variation in the diversity and richness of parasitoid wasps based on sampling effort

Variation in the diversity and richness of parasitoid wasps based on sampling effort

Peer Review #2 of "Variation in the diversity and richness of parasitoid wasps based on sampling effort (v0.1)"

Alteration, Formation, and Occurrence of Minerals in Soils

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